PENG 219 – Production

Engineering
Vahid Atashbari
Fall 2019

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Material Balance

• Reservoir = Tank with constant volume

• Useful to establish connected hydrocarbons volume initially in place

• Reservoir main drive mechanism

• Reservoir compartmentalization

• Oil initial in place

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Reservoir with gas cap and aquifer at
initial conditions

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Reservoir after cumulative production: Np,
Gp, Wp

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Material Balance – General Equation

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Flow Regimes – Horizontal Flow

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Flow in Pipes
• The flow in a wellbore or a flowline can be single phase or multiphase:

• Single phase- dry gas production,

water/chemical injection

• Multiphase- gas-condensate,
oil-water oil and dissolved gas, three-phase

• Flow in pipes: flow through surface/ subsea pipes, tubing, casing or an

annular space
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Flow in Pipes

The effect of gravity can be significant, also fluid properties:

• density, viscosity and compressibility

• rheological properties – laminar or turbulent flow, slip between

phases etc.

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Velocity Profiles
Laminar and Turbulent Flow

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Single Phase, Incompressible Flow

The change in pressure is equivalent to change in energy.

Therefore, one can explain the same phenomenon using the mechanical energy balance
equation:

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