CROWD MANAGEMENT

AND EVACUATION
Chapter 16
 CROWD MANAGEMENT
Ways to remove challenges in crowd management:
• Estimate the level of attendance foe specific days and times.
• Estimate the number of people using public corridors, specific entrances and specific aisles
and seating
• Estimate the number of ushers and service and security personnel
• Establish the requirements for crowd control measures
• Identify the areas that need to remain restricted
• Develop an identification process for restricted access by specific staff
• Identify particular hazards
• Identify routes by which emergency services personnel will enter and leave the site
• Establish the means of communication for all staff
• Establish a chain of command for incident reporting
• Check safety equipment
• Identify the safety needs of specific groups of people, such as people with disabilities,
children and players
• Develop an emergency response plan (ERP)
• Develop an evacuation plan, and initiate training and drills for the staff concerned
 MAJOR RISKS
1. Fire
2. Bomb, threat, terrorism, threat to VIP
3. Flood, earthquake or other natural disasters
4. Heat, failure or air conditioning
5. Gas leaks or biological hazards
6. Crowd crush, overcrowding, congestion
7. Riots, protests
8. Vehicle accidents
9. Collapsing fences or other
 CROWD MANAGEMENT
• Congestion, overcrowding and crowd crush-the circumstances that may lead to bad or
destructive behavior in these context needs to be analyzed.

• The risk need to be prioritized and plans put in place to avoid them (known as preventative
measures) or to deal with them should they occur (known as contingency measures).
 STRATEGIES TO PREVENT CROWD
• Review the behavior of crowds attending similar past events
• Review crowd responses to specific bands and performers at past rock concerts
• Conduct an evaluation of all structures available for mosh pit management
• Obtain engineering and specialist advice
• Isolate the mosh pit from general audience
• Limit mosh pit capacity provide easy exits from the mosh pit area
• Provide easy exits from the mosh pit area
• Ban alcohol and cigarettes
• Station special first aid assistance
• Ban stage diving, body surfing, swimming
• Station special first aid assistance
• Provide specially trained private security and peer security
• Provide special ventilation and drinking fountains
• Pad the floor and all hard surfaces including barriers and railings
• Ban certain types of cloths and accessories
• Introduce mosh pit safety announcements in advance of the show
• Seek assistance from the performers in managing or preventing moshing
 EMERGENCY PLANNING
• A crisis management plan (CMP) is a detailed guide outlining the policies and procedures to
be followed in case there is an emergency situation.
• The goals o0f the CMP are to do the following:
Provide guidance to managers regarding appropriate procedures and resources
Protect the safety and well being of all employees
• Provide for the care of employees and their families through personnel services
• Minimize posttraumatic stress reaction among employees
• Ensure that accurate and appropriate information about the incident is conveyed to audiences

• Plan the orderly return of the workplace to a normal mode of operation

• Outline preventative measures that should be taken in advance
 CRISIS MANAGEMENT TEAM
1. Crisis manager
2. Administrative coordinator
3. Operations coordinator
4. Employee support coordinator
5. Technical support coordinator
 CRISIS MANAGER
• The crisis manager will have the responsibility of managing the crisis on site.
• The CMT will assist the decision making process
• The duties are:
Ascertaining the nature and location of the emergency services
Evacuation team members are advised to evacuate
Briefing emergency personnel
 ADMINISTRATIVE COORDINATOR

• CMT works closely with the crisis manager.

• The person will assist with notifications and mobilizing resources
• Tracking the situation
• Collecting, organizing and distributing documentation
• Procures and store emergency equipment
 OPERATIONS COORDINATOR

• The operation coordinator acts as a liaison between the CMT and the operations staff to
maintain operational efficiency.
• Assess and identify the operational needs
• Establish alternate sites as needed,
• coordinate transportation and assist in the return to normal operations
 EMPLOYEE SUPPORT COORDINATOR

• This individual would coordinate psychological services, family support and trauma
recovery.
• These services should be available to all victims, families and coworkers.
 TECHNICAL SUPPORT COORDINATOR

1. Floor monitor
2. Stairwell monitor
3. Handicapped persons monitor
• Floor monitor: the floor monitor is responsible for supervising and expediting the planned
and controlled movement of individuals on his or her assigned floor in an emergency.

• Stairwell monitor: the stairwell monitor is responsible for control and movement of
personnel from the floor via the designated evacuation stairway.
• The stairwell monitor will be identifiable by an orange vest.

• Handicapped persons monitor: under the direction of the floor monitor, this person assist
physically challenged inured or other persons needing assistance during the building
evacuation process.
 IMPLEMENTING EMERGENCY
PROCEDURE
1. Review implementation issues and integrate them with all other event operational plans.
2. Ensure broad awareness of the procedures through wide dissemination of information and
consultation with all concerned
3. Use signage and well designed communication materials
4. Train all staff
5. Test the procedures by conducting evacuation exercises
6. Review procedures to check effectiveness
 1. FIRE PROCEDURES
• Ensure the safety of everyone within the vicinity of the fire
• Call the fire department in any circumstances in which there is suspicion of fire
• Conduct evacuation
• Eight the fire with appropriate equipment or retreat and close all doors.
 2. EVACUATION PROCEDURES
• Remain clam
• Be observant
• Listen and follow instructions
• Provide information and instructions to staff and spectators
• Maintain radio protocol
• Follow all safety precautions
 3. BOMB THREAT PROCEDURES
• Evaluation (deciding whether or not to take action)
• Notification (police should be advised)
• Search (the aim is identification of the suspicious object, which should not be touched or
moved)