ATROPHY, APLASIA,

HYPOPLASIA

By/Dr.Abdisamad omar ali

Growth fails or reverts
Growth fails or reverts
 Atrophy

 Atrophy : reduction in size of (cell, tissue,

organ) after normal growth

 A decrease in stress (decreased hormonal

stimulation, or decreased nutrients/blood supply)
leads to a decrease in organ size

 Occurs via a decrease in the size and number of

cells
 Mechanism
 Decrease in cell number occurs via apoptosis

 Decrease in cell size occurs via :

1. Ubkquitin - proteosome degradation of the

cyloskeleton

2. Autophagy of cellular components

 Mechanism

1. In ubiquitin - proleosome degradation :

intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton are
"tagged" with ubiquitin and destroyed by
proteosomes

2. Autophagy of cellular components : involves

generation of autophagic vacuoles, these vacuoles
fuse with lysosomes whose hydrolytic enzymes
breakdown cellular components.
Cells size
Ubiquitin proteasome pathway
Autophagy of cellular components
Autophagy of cellular components
Autophagy of cellular components
Muscle atrophy
Cachexia (muscle wasting)
Cachexia
Muscle atrophy
 Aplasia
 Aplasia is failure of cell production during embryogenesis
(unilateral renal agenesis)
Thymus involution (normal development)
Aplasia
 Hypoplasia
 Hypoplasia : is a decrease in cell production during
embryogenesis, resulting in a relatively small organ
(streak ovary in Turner syndrome)
Hypoplasia