Energy Requirements

–Part II

Dr. INOKA ULUWADUGE

08/18/20 1
 RDA’s for Energy –Sri Lanka
Energy (Kcal/d)
Infants 0-12 months 560-720
Children 1-6 yrs 875-1300
Children 6-9 yrs 1775
10 -11 (male) 2250
10-11 (female) 2100
12-18 (male) 2875-3375
12-18 (female) 2400-2500
Adults -18-30 (male) 2425 – 3375 (depending on activity)
(female) 1600 - 2800
30-59.9 2375 -3325
>60 1950 -2350
Pregnancy +360 - +460 (2nd -3rd trimester)
Lactation +675 (1-6months) ,+460 (>6
months)
 Energy Requirements in Pregnancy
 Extra energy cost of pregnancy is 80,000
Kcal (throughout preg period)
 Spent for growth of fetus, placenta &
associated maternal tissues
 Weight gain in normal pregnancy is 12.5 kg,
out of which 4 kg is fat
 BMR increased due to increased mass of
active tissues
 Additional energy requirement / day
= 80,000 / 10 × 30 d = 266Kcal
Pregnancy ctd…..

 Obese mothers need less calories and under weight

mothers need more

 Physical activity influence energy requirement

Eg: Mothers engaged in heavy labour (estate

workers) need more energy

Teenage mothers need additional calories to meet

growing needs
 Energy Requirements in Lactation
 Energy cost of lactation is higher than
pregnancy
 Healthy pregnant mother at term have fat stores
of 4Kg accounting for 36,000Kcal
(4000g × 9 kcal)

 Energy cost of lactation

= energy content in milk + energy cost for milk
production
Extra energy requirement=
energy cost of lactation – energy available from
fat reserve

Milk secreted for first 4-6 months is about

800ml/day;
Energy content in 1 ml of milk = 0.72Kcal

Efficiency of conversion of dietary energy in to

milk energy =80%
Energy cost = 800 × 0.72 × 100 =720 kcal/day
of lactation 80

Energy available from fat reserves -

weight gain due to fat deposition is 4Kg
energy from 4Kg fat;
= 4000 × 9 = 36,000 kcal

energy available in the first 6 months

= 36,000 kcal / 6 × 30 = 200kcal/ day
extra energy needed in the first six months
= 720-200 = 520 Kcal/day

Extra energy should be derived by additional intake of food

 Fat reserve is depleted within 6 months
 Non pregnant requirement of energy is 1600
Kcal /day
 After 6 months, fat reserves are not available
 Volume of milk secreted is 550ml
 The energy cost of lactation after six months

550× 0.72 × 100 =495 kcal/day

80
 Total energy requirement=
Non preg req. + cost for lactation
1600 Kcal + 495 kcal

 More food has to be taken in late

lactating period (no fat stores)

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 Food energy
Atwater factor
kcal/g
Carbohydrate 4
Fat 9
Protein 4
Alcohol 7

Recommended energy distribution in a given meal (balanced

diet)
CHO - 55-75% of total energy
Fat - 15- 30% of total energy
Protein - 10- 15% of total energy
 Food energy
Most foods contain a mixture of fat, CHO
protein….

e.g. energy value of a 50 g egg:

Protein – 13 %
Fat - 12 %
CHO – 1 %
Total = 82 kcal
Protein – 13 % x50 g =6.5 g x 4 kcal/g =26
kcal
Fat - 12 % x 50 g =6 g x 9 kcal/g = 54 kcal
CHO – 1 % x 50 g = 0.5 g x 4 kcal/g = 2

kcal
Total = 82 kcal

08/18/20 12
A lactating mother in her 3rd month of
lactation period produces 600ml of milk
each day.
Calculate her daily average intake of energy
by using following data.
Non preg req.= 1600 Kcal
Energy in milk= 0.72 Kcal/ml
Energy available from fat deposits are
200Kcal/day

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 E cost for lactation = 600 x 0.72 x 100
80
= 540
Total E req= 1600 + 540 = 2140
Energy from fat=200
Average energy intake= 2140-200= 1940
Kcal/d

08/18/20 14
A lactating mother in her 8th month of
lactation period produces 250 ml of milk
each day.
Calculate her daily average intake of
energy. You may choose relevant data from
following.
Non preg req.= 1600 Kcal
Energy in milk= 0.72 Kcal/ml
Energy available from fat deposits are
200Kcal/day

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 E cost for lactation = 250x 0.72 x 100
80
= 225
Total E req= 1600 + 225 = 1825
Energy from fat=200
Average energy intake=1825

Kcal/d

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