DISASTER MANAGEMENT

DEXTER T. MANIGBAS, RN, RM, OSHP, PCO, FSP, MAED

DOLE Accredited Occupational Safety and Health Practitioner
 INTRODUCTION
 Disaster management aims to reduce, or avoid,
the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt
and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster,
and achieve rapid and effective recovery.

 The complete disaster management cycle

includes the shaping of public policies and plans
that either modify the causes of disasters or
mitigate their effects on people, property, and
infrastructure.
 OBJECTIVES
Each company has an obligation to employees and
shareholders to have a contingency plan. Other
objectives are as follows:
 Reduce, or avoid, losses from hazards;
 Assure prompt assistance to victims;
 Achieve rapid and effective recovery.
 Provide protection to people and property
 Return to normal operations as soon as possible
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Emergency- An unforeseen combination of

circumstances or the resulting state that calls
for immediate action.

 Disaster- A sudden calamitous event producing

a great material damage, loss and distress.

 Mitigation - Minimizing the effects of disaster

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Preparedness - Planning how to respond

 Response - Efforts to minimize the hazards

created by a disaster

 Recovery - Returning the community to

normal.
 TYPES OF DISASTER
NATURAL MAN-MADE

Earthquake Bomb threats

Typhoon/Storms Public demonstration and Civil

disturbances
Floods Sabotage

Tornados Transport Accidents

Hurricanes Chemical accidents

Volcanic Eruption Factory fires

 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
1. MITIGATION
 Mitigation activities actually eliminate or reduce the
probability of disaster occurrence, or reduce the effects of
unavoidable disasters.
Mitigation measures include:
 building codes
 vulnerability analyses updates
 zoning and land use management
 building use regulations and safety codes
 preventive health care
 public education.
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
2. PREPAREDNESS
 To achieve a satisfactory level of readiness to respond to any
emergency situation through programs that strengthen the technical
and managerial capacity of governments, organizations, and
communities.

 Ensuring that strategic reserves of food, equipment, water,

medicines and other essentials are maintained in cases of national
or local catastrophes.
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
3. RESPONSE
 to provide immediate assistance to maintain life, improve health
and support the morale of the affected population.

 providing specific but limited aid, such as assisting refugees with

transport, temporary shelter, and food, to establishing semi-
permanent settlement in camps and other locations.

 may involve initial repairs to damaged infrastructure.

 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
4. RECOVERY
 As the emergency is brought under control, the
affected population is capable of undertaking a
growing number of activities aimed at restoring their
lives and the infrastructure that supports them.

 There will be many opportunities during the

recovery period to enhance prevention and increase
preparedness, thus reducing vulnerability.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CYCLE
 DISASTER READINESS FACTORS

1. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
 Physical/Social/Politics. Where are we
located, what do we need to plan for, e.g.
proximity to other plants, sea or airport
facilities and near coast, wooded areas,
floods plain, earthquakes, etc.
 DISASTER READINESS FACTORS

2. INDIGENOUS FACTORS
 What can our buildings withstand, lightweight
construction
 use of hazardous processes or materials,
hazardous by-products,
 storage of combustible materials,
 use of highly critical equipment,
 critical skills of employees,
 inadequate exits for rapid clearance of a building,
 lack of shelter or limited evacuation routes.
 DISASTER READINESS FACTORS

3. ECONOMIC FACTORS
 Bottom line considerations, such as criticality of
products, exclusiveness of product (i.e. whether the
plant is the only one of its kind), or levels of
stockpiled or reserved materials.

 Any plant or facility is vulnerable to some extent; the

analysis of a plant’s vulnerability to a disaster can
provide the basis for developing practical and
workable emergency operations plan for the site.
 DISASTER RECOVERY PLANNING

 Disaster recovery planning involves having policies,

process and procedures that are related to being
ready to recover and ensure business continuity in
regards to technological infrastructure that an
organization runs on, in the unfortunate event of a
disaster whether man made or natural.
 PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER PLANNING

 Coordinated
 Mutual Assistance
 Fully utilize community
resources
 PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER PLANNING

Emergency Plans should be:

 in writing,
 be precise and specific
 thoroughly tested after being formulated.
 A separate emergency plan should be written for
each type of disaster
 The most serious hazards facing industry are
fire and explosion, and the most common
emergencies have been fire, bomb threat, and
labor disputes.
 FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN THE DISASTER PLAN

 What could go wrong (the hazard)?

 What is to be done (the reaction)?
 Who is to do it (the emergency/disaster
team)?
 What do they need to do it (the emergency
equipment)?
It is vital that all executives, supervisors, managers,
foremen, trade union representative, and section heads be
thoroughly acquainted with the emergency plan and give it
their full support
 ELEMENTS OF THE DISASTER PLAN
 A policy statement
 Risk assessment on the threats involved
 Emergency/Disaster organization structure
 Details, description, location of emergency facilities
 List of emergency equipment and suppliers details.
 List of all mutual aid agreements
 Shut down procedures (where applicable)
 Evacuation procedures (different emergencies, although FEMA suggest
same routes for bomb and fire but with different and distinctive
signals).
 ADVANTAGES OF A DISASTER PLAN

 Provides a written record and means of

communicating information throughout the
organization.
 Assures all procedures fit into an integrated plan.
 Promotes uniformity
 Assures a permanent records of decisions and
acquired knowledge
 ADVANTAGES OF A DISASTER PLAN

 Provides a means of orientation of new

employees into emergency
responsibilities
 Permits managements to delegate specific
authorities
 Presents a public relation medium for
communicating to employees, customers
and stockholders.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER OPERATION

 G – Grab the fire extinguisher

 P - Pull the pin
 A-Aim the nozzle
 S- Squeeze the lever or handle
 S- Sweep from side to side

8 to 10 FT.
DISASTER MONITORING
RICHTER SCALE (EARTHQUAKE)
RAINFALL WARNING SYSTEM
PUBLIC STROM WARNING SIGNALS
THANK YOU!