Chapter X

Critical Evaluation And

Promotion Of Local And
Oral History

Museums has a big role to play in
the process of creation of social identity.
Another very important role is
education.
A museum nowadays is also an
institution responsible for cultural
activity. Organizing also an institution
responsible for a cultural activity.
Organizing concerts and exhibitions not
only allows people to experience the
culture but also creates cultural
background of their local society.
The anthropocentric principle of
culture contains an evaluating
element at the same time. The
status of culture based on the
affirmation of humanity does not
justify all of its axiological
realms.
Culture as a universal category
appears to be an axiological one
at the same time.
“The Evaluating Understanding
Of Culture Does Not Stand In
Opposition To The Principle Of
The Universal View Of Culture
But It Emphasizes Its Personal
Character”. (klokowska,1987)
A. MUSEUMS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
AGUINALDO SHRINE
National Shrine of the Philippines

Declaration of Interdependence from Spain was

declared on JUNE 12, 1898 (Araw ng Kalayaan or
Independence day) the Philippine flag raised here by
top government officials on June 12 each year.

The house is now a museums.

Shrine is the ancestral home of Emilio Aguinaldo.

The house was built in 1845 made from wood and

thatch and reconstructed in 18 49 in 1849.

Her Aguinaldo was born on March 22,1869.

UITANGCOY-SANTOS HOUSE
Also known as the MUSEUM OF THE WOMEN
OF MALOLOS.

An early 20th-century bay-na-bato structure along

FT Reyes street (formerly Electricidad) in Barangay
Sto,Nino, in the city of Malolos, Bulacan, in the
Republic of the Philippines.

The home belonged to Paulino Santos and Alberta

Uitangcoy-Santos
Revered for her contributions to Philippines women’s
Rights,the fight for Philippine Independence.

Uitangcoy-Santos House has been declared a

national heritage house by National Historical
Commision of the Philippines.

6
 The museum currently showcase collections of surviving artifacts and other memorabilia
relevant to narrative of the women and the Uitangcoy-Santos family.

House was built and completed in 1914, after the original 1890 structure was destroyed by a
fire in 1910.

The Uitangcoy- SANTOS house is currently owned by Josefa Santos-Tibajia and Lourdes
Santos-Herrera, granddaughters of PaulinoSantos and Alberta Uitangcoy-Santos.

Under care of the non-profit organization, the Women of Malolos Foundation Inc, which
spearheaded initial efforts of restoration through their ‘ Own a piece of History, Adopt a
Heritage House” project.

On April 14, 2013, the house turned into museum opened its doors to the public through a
soft launch that was attends mostly by members of the W omen of Malolos Foundation and
descendants of the 20 women.
RIZAL SHRINE
Reproduction of original two story, Spanish-
Colonial style house in Calamba, Laguna where
Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861.

The house is designated as a National Shrine

(Level 1) by the National Historical Commission
of the Philippines.

It is located along Mercado Street and Rizal

Street in Calamba’s Poblacion 5 and is in close
proximity to St. John the Baptist Parish
PARISH Church and the City College of
Calamba.
 Rizal’s father, Francisco Mercado, took years to build the original Rizal ancestral house.

The Spanish authorities confiscates the house in 1891.

It was subsequently sold, destroyed in World War II and eventually demolished.

The government bought what remained of the Rizal House for P 24,000.00.

1949 President Elpidio Quirino passed Executive order no. 145, facilating reconstruction of the house.

On June 19, 1950, the newly built home was inaugurated and now serves as repository for Rizal’s
memorabilia.

The house is intended to provide an accurate representation of the home Rizal grew up in until his formal
schooling in Binan.

Rizal anecdotes often reference his childhood home, recounting the nipa hut in the garden where he learned
to sleep and sculpt; the kitchen where he learned the alphabet; the bedroom where he learned to pray; the
library where he discovered books and the azotea where he listened to his grand mother’s stories of skeletons,9
buried treasures and trees the bloomed with diamonds.
B.CULTURE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
10
 MANO PO gesture a sign of respect to elders.

Culture Of The Philippines is a combination of

cultures of the East and West identity was born at the
same time as its creation.

Chinese traders that melted and evolved to its

own unique classical Filipino identity.

Pre-colonial times, it was divided set of nations,

islands and tribes being ruled by their own specific
social kings, chieftains, Lakans, Rajahs, Datus, and
Sultans.

Every nation has its own identity and some are

even part of a larger Empire outside of the modern
day map of what is now the Philippines.
 Manila was once part of the Bruneian Empire.

Mindanao is theorized to be part of the Majapahit empire with its capital being located in East Java in
the modern day Indonesia.

Advent of the colonial arrival to the islands started the modern day Philippines. As it was during that
time, that what is today a united islands now known as the Philippines was created.
Chinese influenced has been felt throughout Southeast Asia through trade, even before the colonization of the
regions specifically Ming dynasty and early dynasties.

Spanish colonization that modern day Chinese Filipino signature-mark on what is now the Philippines
was developed.

Philippines was first settled by Negritos; today although few numbers. They preserve a very traditional
way of life and culture.

The Austronesian arrived on the archipelago. Today Austronesian culture is strongly evident in the
ethnicities, Languages, cuisine, music, dance, and almost every aspect of culture.

12
C.
ARCHITECTURE
13
 BAHAY NA BATO is a the traditional
Filipino colonial house.

Being colony of the Spanish Empire for

almost 300 years, the Spaniards introduced
European colonial architecture to the
Philippines.

Christianity brought European churches

and architecture which subsequently became
the center of most towns and cities in the
nation.

Spaniards also introduced stones and

rocks as housing and building materials and
the Filipino merged it with their existing
architecture and forms of hybrid mix-
architecture only exclusive to the Philippines 14

Filipino colonial architecture can still be
seen in centuries-old building such as Filipino
baroque churches; Bahay na bato; houses,
schools, convents, government building around
the nation.
Best collection of Spanish colonial era
architecture can be found in the walled city of
Intramuros in Manila and in the historic town
of Vigan.
Colonial-era churches are also on the best
examples and legacies of spanish Baroque in
the Philippines. Historic provinces such as
Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan,
Pampanga, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal,
Batangas, Quezon, Iloilo, Negros, Cebu, Bohol
and Zamboanga del Sur also boasts colonial-
era-buildings.
Before Spanish colonization, the NIPA
HUT(Bahay Kubo) was the common form of housing
among the natives Filipinos.
Nipa Hut is made from simple materials such as
Bamboo and Coconut as the main sources of wood.
Cogon grass, Nipa palm leaves and coconut fronds
are used as roof thatching.
The architecture of other indigenous peoples may
be characterized by an angular wooden roofs,
bamboo in place of leafy thatching and ornate
wooden carvings.
The BAHAY NA BATO architecture are a variant
Nipa Hut that emerge during the colonial era.
15
 Kalesa, a traditional Philippine urban
transportation in front of Manila Cathedral entrance.

There have been proposals to establish a policy

where each municipality and city will have an
ordinance mandating all constructions and
reconstruction within such territory to be inclined with
the municipality or city’s architecture and landscaping
styles to preserve and conserve the country’s dying
heritage sites.

Policies are used by countries which have

preserved their architectural marvels, and entire cities
as a whole, for hundreds of years, such as Italy, France,
Romania, Germany and Spain.

16

The proposal aims to foster a renaissance in
Philippine landscaping and townscaping,
especially in rural areas which can easily be
transformed into new architectural heritage towns
within a 50-year time frame.
Many Philippine based architecture and
engineering expert lack sense of preserving
heritage townscapes, such as the case in Manila.
Only the City of Vigan has passed such an
ordinance, which led its declaration as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 1999 and awarding of
various recognition for the conservation and
preservation of its unique architectural and
landscaping style.
In 2016, senator Loren Legarda filled a bill
establishing the Department of Culture.
The bill was introduced in the Senate in January
2017 and is expected to be passed into law in late
2018 or early 2019.
The billis backed by 9 other Senators from different
political parties, namely, Bam Aquino, Nancy Binay,
Francis Escudero, Juan Zubiri, Joseph Ejercito,
Joel Villanueva, Sherwin Gatchalian, Risa
Hontiveros, and Sonny Angara.
Three concept bills that aim to establish a
Department of Culture has also been filled in the
House of Representatives, authored by Christopher
de Venecia, Evilina Escudero, and Jose Antonio Sy-
Alvarado.
17
D.RELIGION
18
 The Philippines is one of the two predominantly
Roman Catholic(80.58%) nations in Asia-Pacific, the
other being East Timor.

From the census in 2014, CHRISTIANITY

consisted of about 90.07% of the population and is
largely present throughout the nation.

While, ISLAM is comprised for about 5.57% of

the total population and is mostly concentrated in
southwestern Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago and
Southwestern Palawan.

Others or none composed 4.37% of the total

population of the nation.

Philippine adherents of a syncretic religion

composed of shamanistic Animism, POLYTHEISM,
Islam, Hinduism and Vajraya na Buddhism. 19
E.VISUAL ARTS
20
 TAMPUHAN by Juan Luna.

Early Philippine painting can be found in red slip

( clay mixed with water) designs established on the ritual
pottery of the Philippines such as the acclaimed
Manunggul Jar.

Evidence of Philippine pottery-making dated as early

as 600 BC has been found in Sanga-Sanga Cave, Sulu and
Cagagayan’s Laurente Cave.

Started making pottery before their Cambodian

neighbors, and at about the same as the Thais and
Laotians as part of what appears to be a widespread Ice
age development of pottery technology.

“Pintados” or the Painted People of the Visayas,

evidence of painting is manifest in the tattoo tradition of
early Filipinos, whom the Portugese explorer . 21
 LETRAS Y FIGURAS is a genre of painting pioneered by
Filipino painter Jose Honorato Lozano.

Filipino began creating paintings in the European

tradition during 17th-century Spanish period.

The earliest of these paintings were Church frescoes,

religious imagery from Biblical sources, as well as
engravings, sculptures and lithographs featuring Christian
icons and European nobility.

Most of the paintings and sculptures between the 19 th

and 20th centuries produced a mixture of religious, political,
and landscapes art works, with qualities of sweetness. Dark,
and light.

Early modernist painters such as Haagen Hansen was

associated with religious and secular paintings.
22
 The art of Lorenzo Miguelito and Alleya Espanol showed a trend for political statement.

The first American national artist Jhurgen D, C. Pascua used post-modernism to produce painting that
illustrated Philippine culture, nature and harmony.

Other artist such as Bea Querol used realities, populary known “asama ng makabayan pintor or father of
patriotic paint”, gained recognition.He use his own white hair to make his own paintbrushes and sign his
painting his own styles without profesional training or guidance from profesionals.

23
F.INDIGENOUS ARTS
24
 The KUT-KUT ART from Samar.

The Itneg people are known for their intricate women

fabrics.

The BINAKOL is a blanket which features designs

that incorporate optical illusions.

Other parts of Highlands in Cordillera Region or in

local term “KALGOROTAN” displays their art in
tattooing weaving bags.

“SANGI” a traditional backpack and carving woods.

Woven fabrics of the Ga’dang people usually have

bright red tones.

Other peoples such as Ilongot make jewerly from

pearl, red hornbill beaks, plants, and metals. 25
 Elito Circa, a folk artist of Pantabangan and a pioneer for using indigenous materials, natural raw
materials including human blood.

Many Filipino painters were influence by this and started using materials such as extract from onion,
tomato, tuba, coffee, rust, molasses and other materials available anywhere as paint.

The Lumad peoples of Mindanao such as the B’laan, Mandaya, Mansaka and T’boli are skilled in the
art of dyeing abaca fiber.

ABACA is a plant closely relate to bananas, and its leaves are used to make fiber known as Manila hemp.

IKAT fiber are woven into cloth with geometric patterns depicting human, animal and plant themes.

KUT-KUT, a technique combining ancient Oriental and European art process.

It is an exotic Phillipines art form based on early century techniques, graffito, encaustic and layering. 26
G.PERFORMING ARTS
27
A. DANCE

PANDERETAS DANCE

Philippine folk dances include the Tinikling and

Carinosa. In the southern region of Mindanao.

SINGKIL is a popular dance showcasing the story of

a prince and princess in the forest: Bamboo poles are
arranged in a Tic-Tac-Toe pattern in which the dancers
exploit every position of these clashing poles.

28
B.MUSIC

HARANA(SERENADE).

The early music of the Philippines featured a

mixture of indigenous, Islamic and a variety of Asian
sounds that flourishes before the European and
American colonization in the 16th and 20th centuries.

Spanish settlers and Filipino played a variety of

musical instrument, including flutes, guitar, ukulele,
violin, trumpets and drums.

They performed songs and dances to celebrate

festive occasions.

Some groups that perform these folk songs and

dances are the Bayanihan, Filipnescas, Barangay-
Barrio Hariraya, the Karilagan Ensemble, and the
groups associated with the guilds of Manila, and Fort
Santiago theaters. 29
 Filipino musicians are..
Composer and Conductor (Antonio J. Molina)
The composer (Felipe P. de Leon), known for his nationalistic themes and the opera.
Singer (Jovita Fuentes)

Most music genres are contemporary such as Filipino..

Rock
Hip-Hop
other musical styles.

Some are traditional such as Filipino folk music.

30
H. LITERATURE
31
 Philippine literature is written in….
The Philippines literature is a diverse and rich group Spanish
of works that has evolved through out the centuries. English
Or any indigenous Philippine languages
It had started with traditional folktales and legends
made by the ancient Filipinos before Spanish
colonization.

The main themes of Philippine literature focus on the

country’s pre-colonial cultural traditions and the socio-
political histories of its colonial and contemporary
traditions.

The literature of the Philippines illustrates the

Prehistory and European colonial legacy of the
Philippines, written in both Indigenous and Hispanic
writing system.

Most traditional literatures of the Philippines were

written during the Spanish period; while being preserved
orally prior to Spanish colonization. 32
 IBONG ADARNA is a famous epic abut an magical
bird which was claimed to be written by Jose de la Cruz or
“Huseng Sisiw”.

FRANCISCO BALAGTAS is one of the country’s

prominent Filipino poets, he is named as one of the
greatest Filipino literary laureates for his contributions in
Philippine literature. His greatest work… the

FLORANTE AT LAURA is considered as his greatest

works and one of the masterpieces of the Philippine.

Balagtas wrote the epic during his imprisonment.

JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the country, wrote

the novels of NOLI ME TANGERE( Touch Me Not) and EL
FILIBUSTERISMO( The Filibustering, also known as The
Reign of Greed) 33
I. CINEMA AND MEDIA
34
 MILA DEL SOL starred in one the earliest Filipino
movies, ANG MAKAPAL NA MUKHA(1939), along with
Fernando Poe, Sr.,

The formative years of Philippine cinema, starting the

1870s, were a time of discovery of film as a new medium of
expressing artworks.

Scripts and characterizations in films came from popular

theater shows and Philippine literature.

The advent of the cinema of the Philippines can be traced

back to the early days of filmmaking in 1897 when a Spanish
theater owner screened imported moving pictures.

35
 Saw the first golden age of Were considered
Philippine cinema, with the turbulent years for
emergence of more artistic and the Philippine film
mature films, and significant industry, bringing
improvement in cinematic both positive and
techniques among film makers. negative changes.

1940s 1950s 1960S 1970s-1980s

Philippine cinema The artistry established in the
brought the previous years was in decline.
consciousness of This era can be characterized
reality in its film by rampant commercialism in
industry. films.

36
The 1990S saw the emerging popularity of drama, teen-
oriented romantic comedy, adult, comedy and action films.

The Philippines, being one of Asia's earliest film industry

producers, remains undisputed in terms of the highest level
of theater admission in Asia. 37
J. CUISINE
38
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40
41
42
K. EDUCATION
43
44
45
L. SPORTS
46
47
48
49
M.TRADITIONAL FILIPINO
GAMES

50
51
52
N.INDIGENOUS GROUP
53
54
55
INDIGENOUS
RELIGIONS OR
SHAMANISM
56
57
58
INTANGIBLE
CULTURAL HERITAGE
59
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SlidesCarnival icons are editable
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This means that you can:

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