Safety

Awareness
Training
(General Safety)

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 Proper use of Personal
Protective Equipment
Operations Safety
Transport Safety
Accidents and incident
reporting

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 Safety is relevant to all branches of industry and
commerce and it affects all aspect of work. The
choice of the level of performance must be
protective of human health and the environment.

Obstacles to the achievement of good standards

of health and safety :- pressure of production,
performance target and financial constrains.

Incentives for organizations to strive for high

health and safety standards:- Moral, Business,
economic and legal

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 Prevention of accidents, injuries
and illness should be integrated in all
aspect of every work activity
performed. And it is a responsibility
every person involved in the work.

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 CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
Most accidents are a result of human
Weaknesses or failures.
Eg.
Failure to adhere to operational procedures
Lack of appropriate skill or inexperience
Using wrong or defective tools and protective
equipments …
Imposing unachievable deadlines or rushing
to meet deadlines
 Carelessness

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 EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY
Following company safety procedures and work
practices
Using the right tools and PPEs that have been
provided and keep them in safe and healthy state
Observe personal safety, safety of colleagues and
the general public
Keeping and leaving the environment; work sites,
including public places and customer premises
safe and clean

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 SOME OF THE HAZARDS AT KPLC
WORKPLACES

a)Working with high voltage electrical

equipments
b)Working at heights
c)Falling objects
d)Handling of poles and other heavy
objects
e)Use of long Objects near power lines

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 ELECTRIC SAFETY

Electrical safety issue arise from any of the

following:
• Incomplete isolation
• Working on or in close proximity to live
apparatus
• Ignorance or lack of information
• Carelessness ignoring safety rules
• Carrying long objects near live conductors
• Incompetent people being left in-charge
• Failure to identify the isolated equipment
• Failure to use appropriate PPE

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 OTHER SAFETY CONCERNS
Common Mechanical safety issue in the power
system arise from any of the following:

1.FALLING FROM HEIGHTS

•Getting startled while working from a ladder.
•Substandard ladders, scaffolding, etc
•Substandard climbing irons
•Failure to use safety belts.

2.FALLING OBJECTS
•Old parts falling off during operations
•Tools falling from above
•Ladders not properly supported
•Substandard parts failing during operations

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 3. Pole Safety
Selection
Handling (Loading/off-loading)
Transportation
Erection
Positioning
Sounding
Climbing

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 4.MATERIAL HANDLING
•Lifting heavy objects without proper tools
•Poor house keeping – cuts, falls
•Working with inadequately guarded
machines/moving parts

5.USING HEAVY TOOLS AND MACHINES

•Use of power saw
•Using lifting equipments like chain blocks and cranes

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 Ensuring safety at a workplace

Adhering to safety Procedures and guidelines:-

The company has put in place procedure and
guidelines to ensure continuous safe operations
Use provided approved PPEs
Work planning

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 PROVIDING SAFETY AT THE WORKPLACE

Four principles for eliminating or reducing

Work related hazards :

Eliminate the risk at source E.g By Eliminating the

process of activity
Isolate the risk; Through Engineering means, procedures or
Administration.
Bar access to hazard zones; Through Engineering
means, procedures or Administration.
Use of Personal Protective Equipments (PPES);
Where the above are not sufficient, PPEs must be used to protect
against hazards. The fundamental principle is that PPE Should only
be used as a last resort.
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 Use of PPEs
 PPE is defined as ‘all equipment (including
clothing affording protection against the weather)
which is intended to be worn or held by a person
at work and which protects him/her against one or
more risks to his health or safety’, e.g. safety
helmets, gloves, eye protection, high visibility
clothing, safety footwear and safety harnesses.

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  The main requirement of the
PPE as per the Work Regulations
is that personal protective
equipment is to be supplied and
used at work wherever there are
risks to health and safety that
cannot be adequately controlled in
other ways.
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 Use of PPEs
Workers must understand that PPE does not
eliminate a hazard. If the equipment fails, they will
be exposed to hazards.
After conducting a hazard assessment, if
requirement for personal protective equipment
was identified; employees should be trained on
how to use them.

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 Eliminating the Need for PPE
First, determine whether you can eliminate the
need for PPE through engineering controls, work
practices, and administrative controls. If PPE isn't
necessary, employees won't need to wear it.

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 Examples of poor work practices
that can lead to accidents

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 GOOD EXAMPLES

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 GOOD EXAMPLES

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 SYSTEM OPERATIONS
For safe operation of Electrical power system (and other
hazardous systems); companies have developed procedures
to be used when working on or in close proximity to hazard.
These includes procedures for

 Work in close proximity to energised high voltage equipment.

 Switching and isolation
 Organizing and conducting Shutdowns/outages
 Use of safety documents
 Competence assessment and authorisation.

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 APPLICATION FOR SHUTDOWNS

The Operations procures requires that for work to

be carried out on any apparatus forming part of or
in close proximity to the high voltage power
system, and where there is need to isolate the
apparatus from supply, an approval for the
interruption must be sort and granted.
This is to ensure coordination of such works for
safe operations, minimum customer interruption
and to optimize on the outage time.

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 ISOLATION and LOCKOUTS
 This can be attained by use of:

(i) Circuit Breakers. The withdrawable component is disengaged

from ALL connections and safely secured by use of non-
Standard padlocks.
(ii) Isolators. The unit is operated to it’s open position and contact
confirmed to have fully separated before application of a Non-
Standard padlock.
(iii)Taplin links and HV fuse holders. (used in distribution
systems and LV circuits in transmission stations) These should
be totally withdrawn from the mounting and stored in safe
custody.
(iv)All possible source of energy or potential hazard should be
isolated and locked off.

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 Example of poor work practice,
the team was working before
isolating the line.

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 EARTHING
After isolation and before any work commences
on the isolated apparatus, it should be tested for
dead using an approved instrument and earthed.
Earthing can be achieved by use of the following
devices:
(i) Circuit Breakers
(ii) Earth Switches
(iii) Earthing Harnesses
NB: special case of Additional Earths

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 SAFETY DOCUMENTS
After the earthing, the apparatus should then be
released for work through a safety document.
The safety documents include:
(i) Permit to Work,
(ii) Sanctions for Test, and
(iii) Limitation of Access

 Electrical Permit to Work (EPTW) is the document most

commonly used to release for work High and Medium
Voltage System equipments.
 It is issued by an authorized person to a competent person
who will be in-charge of the work. 05:39
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 Permit to Work, Cont.
It is the duty of the person issuing the PTW to
ensure that the safety rules have been fully
complied with. Where required (in case of part B
permit), the person shall ensure the apparatus
has been full isolated and earthed.

The person who receives the permit is in-charge

of the work and is responsible for the safety of the
workers involved in the operation

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 Work Standards
Standards are guidelines and principles that guide
the day to day operations in an organisation.
An organisation that has no standards becomes
subject to personal opinions from its staff.
Standardization will help the organization to provide
similar tools, materials, etc and same level of
service to customers
It makes training and understanding of procedures
and methods applied in operations easier to
understand and safer to use.
It ensures that evaluation of performance and level
of service can be done faster and easily

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 QUALITY
Having attributes & features that meet the
customer needs
Absence of deficiencies that bring dissatisfaction,
i.e., not flawed.
Having desired specifications
Appropriate/outstanding

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 Attributes Associated with
Quality

Timeliness of Service
Health standards – safety
Professional Services
Cost effectiveness
Efficiency

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 Sub-standard and poor quality work

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 Possible Consequences

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 Competence Authorisation
Authorisation Interviews: - to assess and certify the
competence and capability of persons involved in the
operations of the power system.

A person is considered Competent to carry out work on

electrical equipment and to supervise others under his
control if s/he has sufficient technical knowledge or
experience to enable him/her to avoid danger and is
appointed in writing by appropriate divisional manager.

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 Competence Authorisation
Cont...
An authorized Person is a person adequately
trained, and possessing technical knowledge and
appointed in writing by the appropriate Divisional
Manager to carry out specific operation and/or
work on the system, or apparatus.

Procedure for Authorisation

Classes of Authorisation
Authorisation panel

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 QUICP
People with brains protect them

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 QUICP
People with a vision walk safely to realize
their dreams

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 SHE PHILOSOPHY

All accidents are preventable

No task is too important to justify

injury to people or damage to the
environment

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 ACCIDENTS and
INCIDENTS REPORTING

All accidents should

be reported as soon
as possible after
their occurrence.

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PURPOSE OF REPORTING ACCIDENTS

To bring to the attention of those concerned that an

accident has occurred.
To provide preliminary information of the
situation.
To aid investigations in establish the root cause of
the accident.

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 Other Reasons why accidents are reported

Legal
Insurance
Investigations
Others; like decision making

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Where are the Accidents reported?

To the Employer

To the Government Agencies
ERC - Energy regulatory Commission
DOSHS- Directorate of occupational safety and
health services

The police

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 Legal Requirement

ERC -
Energy act 2006 section 117 (1) states ,
All persons engaged in any undertaking or activity
pursuant to a license or permit under this act shall
notify the commission in writing, in the form and manner
prescribed by the commission, of any accident or
incident causing loss of life, personal injury, explosion,
oil spill, fire or any other accident or incident causing
significant harm or damage to the environment or
property which has arisen in Kenya’s exclusive
economic zone or outer continental self.

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Legal Requirement

THE OCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ACT 2007

Section 21(1) States,
an employer or self-employed person shall, inform the
area Occupational safety and Health officer of any
accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational
poisoning which has occurred at the work place.

These will include all accidents which Have occurred at

the work place (Involving workers)

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Police:

All cases of fatalities, serious injuries, and damages

to property have to be reported to the police so that
enquiries may be initiated.

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 Important information for the report
 
- Day, date and time of occurrence.
- Details of persons injured or property
damaged.
- Location of the accident
- Severity of injury or damage sustained
- Record of witnesses
- Injured person’s account of the accident
- Action already taken and further action to
be taken if any
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 Where do we report accidents within the company:

 To the Control Engineer

 To the functional head
 Regional Safety Engineers
 To the Manager SHE
 To the senior Managers
 To the Company Secretary
 To the HRO (where applicable)
 To the ERC (where applicable)
 To the DOSHS (where applicable)
 To the police (Where applicable)

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 Purpose of Accidents Investigations:

To establish the root cause of the accident.

Put in place appropriate measures to stop
re-occurrence
Identifying additional risk control measures to provide
improvement
Developing knowledge
To identify the circumstances that can be changed by
management action in order that similar accidents do
not occur again.
(Providing recommendations)

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 The investigation is concerned with Identifying
the inadequacies in the risk management
system.

A trivial injury may be the result of a serious

inadequacy in the risk management system

On the other hand a serious injury may be the

result of a trivial inadequacy in the risk
management system.

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THE PROCEDURE AT AN ACCIDENT SCENE

•The first person at the scene should ensure

that the scene is preserved for the
investigators:

•Ensure that the source is de-energized or the

scene secured and made safe to avoid another
accident.
•Ensure that the victim is assisted without
inflicting more injuries on them or endangering
other persons.
•Inform the relevant person/authorities.
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 The functional head/supervisors receiving the
information of an accident
will also convey the information to other relevant
persons/offices immediately like, the safety
Engineer/Officer, HRO, the Manager SHE and
other senior Managers

The Regional safety Engineer will immediately

initiate investigation.

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 whatever the challenge

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 THE END

QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS

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