19ME203T

ENGINEERING
THERMODYNAMICS

Professional Core Course (PCC)
Credits: 4
Course Instructor: M. Deepak Kumar

08/07/2020
Heat Engine
SOURCE

 1000 kJ

HEAT
ENGINE 400 kJ

600 kJ

SINK
Refrigerator & Heat Pump
SOURCE

 1000 kJ

R or HP 400 kJ

600 kJ

SINK
Heat Engine


Heat Engine


Refrigerator


Refrigerator


 One tonne of Refrigeration
 The rate of heat required to convert 1 tonne of ice at

0oC to water at 0oC in 1 day at standard atmospheric
pressure is known as “one tonne of refrigeration”

1 TR = 3.5 kJ/s
Heat Pump


Heat Pump


Relation between COP


 II law of Thermodynamics
Kelvin Planck statement

It states that it is impossible to construct a cyclic
device to receive heat from a single reservoir and produce
equivalent amount of work.

Clausius statement
It states that it is impossible to construct a cyclic
device to transfer heat from a low temperature body to a
high temperature body without any external work
supplied.
 Problem 1
 A heat engine receives 1000 kJ of heat and produces
600 kJ of work. Calculate the amount of heat rejected

and efficiency of the engine.

 Given Data
Q1 = 1000 kJ W = 600 kJ
 Problem 1

 Solution
W = Q 1 – Q2 
Q2 = Q1 – W
Q2 = 1000 – 600
Q2 = 400 Kj

դ HE = W/Q1
= 600/1000
դ HE = 60 %
 Problem 2
  A heat engine receives heat at the rate of 1500 kJ/min
and gives an output of 8.2 kW. Determine (i) thermal

efficiency (ii) rate of heat rejection.

 Given Data
Q1 = 1500 kJ/min
Q1 = kJ/s
Q1 = 25 kW
W = 8.2 kW
Problem 2


 Problem 3
 It is proposed to employ a heat pump to warm up
home in Srinagar during winter. The heat pump can
extract heat from the surrounding cold soil at the rate

of 100 kW while consuming 10 kW of mechanical
energy. Calculate the heat delivered to the home and
the COP of heat pump.

 Given Data
Q2 = 100 kW W = 10 kW
Problem 3


 Problem 4
 A refrigerator in Rajasthan is found to consume
1.33 kW electric power and to reject 5 kW of heat to

the surrounding. What is the cooling rate of the
refrigerator and its COP?

 Given Data
W = 1.33 kW Q1 = 5 kW
Problem 4


 Carnot Cycle
 Carnot engine is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle

proposed by Leonard Carnot. It gives the estimate of
the maximum possible efficiency that a heat engine
during the conversion process of heat into work and
conversely, working between two reservoirs, can
possess.

 A Carnot cycle is defined as an ideal reversible

closed thermodynamic cycle in which there are four
successive operations involved and they are
isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion,
isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression.
Carnot Cycle


Carnot Cycle


 Max Efficiency HE
   Carnot engine, max efficiency engine, minimum


heat rejection, maximum work output, reversible
engine.

=
 Max Efficiency Refrigerator
   Carnot refrigerator, max COP refrigerator,
maximum

cooling rate, minimum
consumption, reversible refrigerator.
work

=
 Max Efficiency Heat Pump
   Carnot heat pump, max COP heat pump, maximum


heat rate, minimum work consumption, reversible
heat pump.

=
Problem 5


Problem 5


Problem 5


Problem 6