Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other

Chemicals – Assessment of Risk

Assessment Control
Part 1

Part 2

Part 3
Asbestos
of Risk Measures

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Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk

Control Measures

Assessment of
Risks

Code of Practice

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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Assessment of Risk
ILO Codes of Practice on Safety in The
Use of Chemicals at Work
• Principles that risk
assessments should be
carried out for chemicals
used in the workplace
before work begins.
ILO Codes of Practice on Ambient Factors
in the Workplace
• Specific requirements and
information regarding work
with hazardous substances
and assessment of risks to
health arising from
exposure.

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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
When assessing the risks of
Hazardous
Properties and
Routes of
hazardous substances, consider
Exposure
the following:
Consequences
of Control
Physical and 1. Hazardous properties and routes of
Chemical
Measures
Failing
Properties exposure
2. Physical and chemical properties
Assessment 3. Effects of mixtures and toxicity
of Risks
4. Quantity being used in the
Operating
Conditions and
Effects of workplace
Processes Mixtures and
Used
Toxicity 5. Operating conditions and processes
used in the workplace
Quantity Used 6. The consequences of control
measures failing
7. Others
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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Hazardous
Hazardous Properties and
Properties and
Routes of
Exposure
Routes of Exposure
Consequences
1. Safety Data Sheet and Labels
Physical and
of Control
Measures
Failing
Chemical
Properties
2. Regulatory Guidance
Documents
Assessment 3. Manufacturer / Supplier
of Risks
Information
Operating
Conditions and
Effects of
Mixtures and
4. Chemical information
Processes
Used
Toxicity
database
5. Hazard classification and
Quantity Used
routes of entry (Unit IB1)
6. Volatility and other properties
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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Hazardous
Physical and Chemical
Properties and
Routes of
Exposure
Properties
Consequences
1. Recap ‘Relative Hazards of
Physical and
of Control
Measures
Chemical
Properties
Solids, Liquids, Gases/Vapours
Failing
in Terms of Ability to Enter the
Assessment Body’ (Unit IB1 Slide 13)
of Risks
2. E.g. Lead is not harmful in the
Operating
Effects of
solid state, however in the
Conditions and
Processes
Used
Mixtures and
Toxicity form of dust, can cause lead
intoxication in the CNS, GIT
Quantity Used and blood.

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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Hazardous
Effects of Mixtures and Toxicity
Properties and
Routes of
Exposure
1. Information on mixtures of
particular chemical with
Consequences
of Control
Measures
Physical and
Chemical another. i.e., Chemical A + B =
Properties
Failing
Hazardous substance.
Assessment 2. Whether mixing of chemicals
of Risks enhances the toxicity of the
Operating
chemical.
Effects of
Conditions and
Processes
Used
Mixtures and
Toxicity 3. E.g. Acid + Bleach = Chlorine
Gas (Choking Hazard)
Quantity Used

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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Hazardous
Quantity Used in the
Properties and
Routes of
Exposure
Workplace (Level of
Consequences
Exposure)
Physical and
of Control
Measures
Failing
Chemical
Properties
1. Quantity, concentrations,
duration and frequency of
Assessment exposure to worker.
of Risks
(Dose/Response Relationship
Operating
Effects of
Unit IB 1)
Conditions and
Mixtures and
Processes
Used
Toxicity 2. Frequent exposure to high
concentrations of chemicals
Quantity Used may lead to adverse effects.
3. Keep within NOAEL.
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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Hazardous
Operating Conditions and
Properties and
Routes of
Exposure
Processes Used
1. Gather information about the
Consequences
of Control
Measures
Physical and
Chemical
type of exposure that may occur,
Properties
Failing
based on nature of work
activity.
Assessment
of Risks 2. Monitoring of environment
where chemicals are being used.
Operating
Effects of
Conditions and
Processes Mixtures and
Toxicity
3. Gather information on the uses
Used
of the chemical to ensure that
any vital information on route of
Quantity Used
entry is not missed on each
processes.
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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Hazardous
Consequences of Control
Properties and
Routes of
Exposure
Measures Failing
Consequences
1. Assessment should be done to
Physical and
of Control
Measures
Chemical
Properties
measure the consequences if
Failing
the control measures fail, if
Assessment additional control measures
of Risks are required, i.e., ‘Appraisal of
Operating
Control Measures’, covered in
Effects of
Conditions and
Processes
Used
Mixtures and
Toxicity
Part 2.

Quantity Used

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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Hazardous
Other Factors
Properties and
Routes of
Exposure
1. Determining the risks to
individual workers such as:
Consequences
of Control
Measures
Physical and
Chemical i. Atopic Individuals – people who
Properties
Failing are sensitive to allergens such as
asthmatic.
Assessment
ii. Pregnant women – R60 :
of Risks
Impairing fertility, R61 : Harm to
Operating
Effects of
unborn child.
Conditions and
Mixtures and
Processes
Used
Toxicity iii. Age
iv. Sensitisation
Quantity Used

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Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Control Measures

Recap:
Hierarchy of Risk Control
Link:
Click the picture to go to Unit IA4
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Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk

Appraisal of Control Measures

1. Where possible, eliminate
hazardous chemicals or
substitute with a less
hazardous chemical for the
process.

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Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Appraisal of Control Measures
2. Administrative control should be
in place to ensure that personnel
handling the chemicals are trained
and authorised.
i. Changing of work methods where
necessary.
ii. Emergency Planning.
iii. Reducing exposure duration
iv. Minimising workers exposed
v. Cleaning and maintenance regimes
vi. Restrict access, storage and handling
protocols.
vii. Signs and Notices
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Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Appraisal of Control Measures
3. Engineering Control must be
effective and reflect the real
situation in the workplace.
i. Ensuring efficient and effective
engineering control
ii. Monitoring Occupational
Exposure Limit (OEL) of workers.
iii. Surveillance and monitoring
results
iv. E.g. Good Design and Installation,
Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV),
Enclosure or Partial Closure,
Process Modification
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Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk

Appraisal of Control Measures

4. Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) must be
suitable for the working
environment. It must be fitted
correctly and personnel has
to be trained to use them
correctly to ensure that PPE is
effective.

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Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Action
Review of the
Programme to
Assessment
Reduce Risks

Reviewed whenever there

Have OEL been met?
Have exposure level
been controlled to as
low as reasonably
practicable?
is reason to suspect that
the assessment is no
longer valid or change in
work procedures.
• Results of Monitoring
• Results of Health Surveillance
• New information of risks
• Significant change in workplace.

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Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Asbestos

Cleaning,
Maintenance
Preventive and
Measures and Education
Personal
Protection
General
Information

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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
What is Asbestos?
• Naturally occurring fibrous minerals
• Microscopic in nature, extremely durable and
resistant.
• Heavily used in the construction industry
• ILO CoP – Safety in the use of Asbestos

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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
What are the hazards of Asbestos?
• Highly inhalable due to its microscopic nature
• Fibres will cling and lodge itself onto the
respiratory tract.
• Build up of inhaled asbestos will lead to a scar-like
tissue in the lungs; a condition called asbestosis.
• Also known to mesothelioma, cancer of the lining
of the internal organs.
• Human carcinogen
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 Credits:
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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Preventive measures and personal protection
• OSHA has three standards to protect workers
from the danger of asbestos.
General Industry
Shipyards
Construction

Link : https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3507.pdf

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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Preventive Measures and Personal Protection
• Where possible, eliminate Eliminate
or substitute the use of
asbestos to something that Substitute
is less harmful.
Controls
Engineering
Control
Admin
E
P
P
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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Preventive Measures and Personal Protection
Engineering Controls : Eliminate
1. Process separation,
automation or enclosure Substitute
2. Bonding asbestos with Controls
other materials to Engineering
prevent dust generation Control
3. Ventilation Admin
E
4. Use of wet methods P
P
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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk
Preventive Measures and Personal Protection
Admin Control (Work Practices): Eliminate
1. Use and maintenance of
engineering control Substitute
2. Damping of asbestos before Controls
handling Engineering
3. Regular cleaning Control
4. Training and Information Admin
E
5. Use of PPE P
P
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 Unit IB2 : Hazardous Substances and Other
Chemicals – Assessment of Risk

Asbestos Labeling Asbestos Labeling

Credits: Credits:
http://www.seton.co.uk/media/catalog/product/d/m http://images.mysafetylabels.com/img/lg/D/Asbe
/dmeu_sr038_1_std.lang.all.png stos-Fibers-Warning-Label-D1361.gif

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