STORAGE TANKS

BUILDING SERVICES
SUBMITTED TO :
MEET FATEWAR
ANKITA GAUR
 STORAGE TANKS

BASED ON PLACEMENT
BASED ON MATERIALS
OF TANK

• BRICK OR STONE
• UNDERGROUND MASONRY
STORAGE TANKS • GI SHEETS
• MS PLATES
• OVERHEAD WATER • ASBESTOS SHEETS
TANKS • SHEET MOULDED
COMPOUNDS
• FERROCEMENT
• PVC
• RCC
 WATER STORAGE TANK COMPONENTS
• BALL VALVE WITH FLOATS – Provided at the
inlet ; automatically stops the further supply as the
predetermined water level is reached .
• INLET AND OUTLET PIPES – Pipe supplying
water to the tank is termed as the inlet pipe; the
outlet pipe is provided at 3 to 5 cm above the floor
of the tank and is always provided with a stop
valve .
• OVERFLOW PIPE – provided little above the inlet
pipe to allow the incoming water to overflow
• SCOUR PIPE- provided at the floor of the tank for
cleaning purposes .(also called drain pipe )
• VENT PIPE- projected above the top of water tank ;
provided with mosquito proof brass coupling.
• COVER – manhole cover on the roof of the tank for
repair and cleaning purposes .
ASEBESTOS CEMENT WATER STORAGE TANK
▪ The material is hand-moulded
from a mixture of asbestos
fibre and cement .

▪ Advantages :
– Light and portable
– Economical
– Rust and corrosion free
– Holes can be easily drilled for fitting
– Easy to install
– Heat resistant and suitable for
extreme condition
SHEET MOULDING COMPOUND (SMC) PANEL
TYPE WATER TANKS
▪ 1m x 1m hot pressed moulded
panels of fibre glass .

▪ Can be assembled to construct

water tanks from 1000 to 150000
(or more) capacity.

▪ Uses :
– Schools
– Multistoreyed apartment buildings
– Hospitals
– Distilleries
– Food processing unit
– Water treatment plants
▪ Advantage
– Contoured to take hydrostatic loads
– Transportation is easy
– Can be assembeled at site using nuts ,bolts and gaskets
– Easy to maintain and corrosion free
– Provide protection against ultraviolet degradation.

▪ panels of uniform sizes with combination of

flanges making 45 and 90 degrees to the flat
face of the panel .

▪ All fittings are of hot dip galvanized iron.

▪ All the joints are properly sealed with sealent ,

not harmful to portable water.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN MULTI-STOREYED
BUILDINGS
▪ 1-DIRECT SUPPLY
▪ 2-DIRECT PUMPING SYSTEM
▪ 3-HYDRO-PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
▪ 4-OVERHEAD TANKS DISTRIBUTION
DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM
▪ This system is adopted when adequate pressure is available
around the clock at the topmost floor.
▪ With limited pressure available in most city mains, water from
direct supply is normally not available above two or three
floors.
DIRECT PUMPING
▪ Water is pumped directly into the distribution system without
the aid of any overhead tank, except for flushing purposes.
▪ Direct pumping systems are suitable for buildings where a
certain amount of constant use of water is always ocuuring.
▪ These buildings are all centrally air conditioned building for
which a constant make up supply for air conditioning cooling
towers is required.
• The system eliminates the requirements
of overhead tanks for domestic
purposes and requires min. space.
HYDRO PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
▪ Hydro pneumatic works on air pressuried water tank .
▪ Water is kept reserved during normal flow .
▪ This reserved water is supplied in plant when an instant
increase in demand of flow occurs.
FERROCEMENT WATER STORAGE TANKS
▪ Water tanks made up of ferrocement are used widely in many
parts of the world to store water for domestic,stock,irrigation
and industrial purposes. Ferrocement consisst of a cement
rich mortar applied on both sides of a thin layer wire-mesh
and closely spaced thin steel rods.
ADVANTAGES

▪ Ferro-cement component have high strength as the cement content

is very high.
▪ It is applied with pressure over the steel wire-mesh matrix . The
mortar holds in position because of the mechanical interlocking .
Hence, no shuttering is required to cast ferro-cement components.
▪ The raw material required is readily available .
▪ Ferro-cement can be fabricated into any desired shape.
▪ The cost of construction is low.
▪ No skill labour is required to build ferro-cemnet structures.
TYPES OF FERROCEMENT TANK ACCORDING TO
THEIR POSITION ON GROUND

ABOVE GROUND TANK

BELOW GROUND TANK

METHODS
 HAND CASTING
▪ In hand-casting , the
skeletal steel cage is
made according to the
shape of the tanks.
▪ Fittings , such as scour,
inlet, outlet and
overflow pipe are fixed
in correct position
before casting.
▪ These fittings consist
of GI sockets nipples of
15-40mm diameter.
 SEMI MECHANISED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING
CYLINDRICAL UNITS

▪ In the semi mechanised process , wire-

mesh from a roll is continuously wound
on a cylindrical mould and cement
mortar is simultaneously applied on
the wire-mesh and compacted using
electro mechanical machine.
▪ This permits a high degree of
compactness of mortar and a good
control over thickness.
▪ The base unit ,the roof and the sides
for inlet and outlet are cast separately
using mechanised methods .this
process is used for producing tanks of
upto 2500 litres capacity.
PVC WATER STORAGE TANKS
• These are moulded polyethylene tanks from
HDPE/LLDPE without any joints
• Available in 100 to 25,000 litres capacity
• Readymade with minimum installation time

ADVANTAGES
• Very light in weight
• No need of a supporting structure
• Rust proof

DISADVANTAGES
• Not thermal resistant

PVC tanks are also available in multilayer –

inside white and outside black and triple layer
foam insulation in between which acts as a
thermal insulator
 AESTHETICS
1. LOCATION OF WATER TANKS CAN BE
• CAMOUFLAGING WITH OTHER ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
• CONCEALING IT WITH PARAPET WALL
• ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT LIKE BRICK JALI WORK
1. WATER STORAGE TANKS SHOULD BE SO LOCATED THAT
THE HORIZONTAL LENGTH OF THE WATER PIPES TO
KITCHEN AND BATHROOM IS LESS
2. THE VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN WATER STORAGE TANK
AND BATHROOM SHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN 14’-15’ TO
MAINTAIN THE GRAVITY PRESSURE
3. THE NUMBER OF PIPES DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE
STORAGE TANK SHOULD BE MINIMUM TO MAINTAIN A
SUFFICIENT WATER PRESSURE.
CAPACITY OF WATER STORAGE TANK
The quantity of water to be stored depends on the following :

1. Hours of supply from mains with pressure sufficient to fill-up the

overhead tank

2. Frequency with which overhead tan can be filled during 24 hours.

3. Rate and regularity of water supply from the mains

4. Fire fighting requirements.

The underground storage tank should have minimum storage of 50%of

daily demand.

The capacity of overhead storage tank should have maximum of one

day requirement.
 THANKYOU
SUBMITTED BY :
REFERENCES:
VAIBHAVI GOEL 1000009193

• Water supply and sanitation SNEHA SINGH 1000009195

-Chanrajit S.Shah
• National building code 2015 NEHA PRAJAPATI 1000009301
• Google images BHUMIKA BHISHT 1000009821

SHREYA SINHA1000009597