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K03052 - 20200424154539 - 5.3 Integration - Method of Substitution
K03052 - 20200424154539 - 5.3 Integration - Method of Substitution
Example 1
2
Find the integration of dx
2
Solution 1 x
2 dx
dx 2
2 2
1 x 1 x
1
2 sin x c
Example 2
dx
Find the integration of 2
Solution 2 2x
1 1 dx
dx
2 2 2
2 2x 1 x
1 1
tan x c
2
5.3
5.3 Integration
Integration (Substitution
(Substitution Technique)
Technique)
f ( g ( x)).g ' ( x) dx f (u ) du
F (u ) c
F ( g ( x )) c
Solution
As we can see that it is similar to x dx
4
4 du
u dx We get , 3
dx
du
dx
3
Therefore,
1 4
u dx 3 u du
4
1 u 5
C
3 5
5
u
C
15
Thus,
5
(3 x 2 )
4
(3 x 2) dx C
15
Example 2
Find,
(4 x 3)(2 x
2 3
3x 5) dx
Solution:
2 du
let u 2 x 3x 5 4x 3
dx
1
therefore, (4 x 3)(u ) 3
du
4x 3
3 1 4
u du u C
4 2 4
( 2 x 3 x 5)
2 3
( 4 x 3)( 2 x 3 x 5) dx C
4
Example 3
Find, 2x
x 2 3 dx
Solution:
2 du
let u x 3 2x
dx
2 x du 1
therefore, du ln | u | C
u 2x u
2x
x 2 3 dx ln | x
2
3 | C
Example 4
2
Find, 3x 4 x
x 3 2 x 2 1 dx
Solution:
du 2
3
let u x 2 x 1 2
3 x 4x
dx
3x 2 4 x du 1
therefore, 2 du
u 3x 4 x u
ln | u | C
3x 2 4 x
x 3 2 x 2 1 dx ln | x
3 2
2 x 1 | C
As we can see from example 3 and 4 , we find that
2 x dx ln | x 2 3 | c
2
x 2 3
3x 4 x dx ln | x 3 2 x 2 1 | c
3 2
x 2x 1
thus , we can write
f ' ( x)
f ( x)
dx ln | f ( x) | c , f ( x) 0
Example 5
sinx
dx
2
cos x
Let u = cos x => -du = sin x dx
1
du
2
u
1
c
u
1
c
cos x
sec x c
Example 6
x x 1 dx
du = dx
1 3 1
(u 1)u 2
du (u 2
u 2
)du
5 3
2u 2 2u 2
c
5 3
5 3
2( x 1) 2
2( x 1) 2
c
5 3
Exercise 1
Determine the integrals below
6 x 1
3
6 x 1 dx
2
a) C
AA 9
b)
3t 4
1
3
2
8
dt
NN
SS
3t 1
3
4
9
C
t 3 9
W
W
2 x3 1 x3
c) x e dx EE
R 3
e C
R
x SS 2
dx
3 1
d) (1 x) 2(1 x) 2 C
2
1 x 3
Solution :
2 x3
c) x e dx a) 6 x 1 dx
x3 let u 6 x 1
let u e
2 x3 du
du 3 x e dx du 6dx dx
6
du 2 x3 1
x e dx 6 x 1dx u du
3 6
2 x3 1 1 2 32
x e dx du u C
3 6 3
1 1 x3 3
u C e C (6 x 1) 2
3 3 C
9
Exercise 2: By using substitution method,
integrate:-
a.
sin x cos x
c. dx
sin x cos x Answer: ln sin x cos x c
2. By using substitution method, integrate:-
sin 4 x
sin
3
a. x cos x dx answer: c
4
4
1
2
tan xdx
0 4
b. answer:
cos 3 x 1
c
c.
sin 2 3x dx answer:
3 sin 3 x