MINI PROJECT FINAL REVIEW

ON

EFFECT OF GRAPHENE OXIDE ON CONVENTIONAL

CONCRETE

MASTRER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

PRESENTED BY

SABAVATH JAGANDAS 19881D2013

Under the guidance of

Dr.G.MALLIKARJUNA RAO
(Associate Professor & HOD)
VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
 Contents
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Scope and Objectives
 Experimental program
 Materials
 Result and Discussion
 Observations
 Conclusions
 References
 Introduction
 Nano technology is a science which deals about nano materials and nano
particles from few nanometers to 100 nanometers (nm).
 Nano materials used with cement composites to enhance the mechanical
properties of concrete , fracture toughness and finding other functionalities still
is in research.
 The First ever micro scale particle used in concrete is fly ash showing an
interesting advancement in compressive strength.
 After that in 20th century Nanotechnology moved to construction world to use of
carbon in the year of 1962 by two chines reaserches named as chen and chung.
 They used carbon derivatives to their research project and they found enhanced
mechanical properties of concrete.
 So, in this regard one of the carbon based nano material, graphene oxide (GO)
has received attention for it’s superior mechanical properties.
 Graphene oxide is a derivative of carbon from graphite oxide.
 GO is a first two dimensional material created by human being. It is network of
carbon atoms with hexagonal in shape.
 Thus , GO is nothing else than a single graphite layer.
 GO is discovered in 2004 by two researchers at University of Manchester, professor
Andre Gein and Professor kostya novoselov.
 They won Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering work.
 So, in this mini project investigation the compressive strength of GO added
concrete is studied by taking experimental values from various research work.
 In this investigated study 10% of strength is increased by adding 0.01% of GO
and 30% strength is increased by adding 0.02% of GO, 45% of strength is
increased by adding 0.03% of GO. As compared to ordinary concrete.
Figure1 Different forms of carbon.
Figure2 graphene crystal
 Literature review

 Basher Tahal et al., (2009): Researchers conducted properties of concrete

contains mixed colour waste recycled glass as cement replacement. In this
study no significant differences were observed in compressive strength of
concrete with presence of recycled glass sand (RGS) In concrete while in
average reduction of 16% was occurred when 205 of Portland cement was
replaced by glass powder(PGP)
 Ali Ergun et al., (2011): In this paper the author studied effect of usage of
diatomite and waste marble powder as powder of partial replacement of
cement on the mechanical properties of concrete.
 Bhavesh Patel et al.,(2017): In this experimental study, the effect of
graphene oxide (GO) on the Portland cement paste are investigated. This
project presents the results of an experimental investigation of graphene
oxide on physical properties of concrete
 Liguo wang et al., (2017): In this study, the effect of graphene oxide on the
microstructure of cement mortars were studied using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), thermo gravimetric (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
 Scope and objectives

scope:
 To determine compressive strength of concrete.
 By taking these results into consideration One can perform test for small
quantity of graphene oxide can increase high strength.

Objectives:
 To compare the compressive strength of conventional concrete with
graphene oxide added concrete at different dosages.
 To increase high compressive strength With small dosage of GO.
 Materials

 Ordinary Portland Cement

 Fine aggregate
 Coarse aggregate
 Water
 Graphene oxide
 Experimental program

 Three conventional concrete cubes of M20 grade with the ratio of 1:1.75:2.91
are casted with cement, fine aggregate(FA) and coarse aggregate(CA), water, as
per code of practice IS: 516-1959 and they are cured for 28days.
 These concrete cubes are tested in the compression testing machine as per IS
code of practice.
 9 Concrete cubes were casted by adding graphene oxide with the dosage of
0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03%, they cured for 28days .
 They are tested in the compression testing machine as per IS code of practice.
 The results are compared with the conventional concrete cube results.
Figure3 GO added concrete cubes (from firstgraphene.net)
 Table1 MIX PROPORTION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE
ADDED CONCRETE
TYPE OF MIX W/C CEMENT GRAPHENE FA CA
MIX DOSAGE RATIO (kg/m3) OXIDE (ON
(%) WEIGHT OF
CEMENT)
M 0 0.47 12.04 00 34.98 21.04

M1 0.01 0.47 12.04 0.012 34.98 21.04

M2 0.02 0.47 12.04 0.024 34.98 21.04

M3 0.03 0.47 12.04 0.036 34.98 21.04

 Table2 Comparison between normal
concrete strength with different GO
dosage Added concrete

Percentage of GO Curing period Average compressive

dosage (days) strength
(N/mm2)

0 28 25

0.012 28 27.5

0.024 28 32.5

0.036 28 36.05
 Results and discussions

Results:
 Concrete cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm are casted for nominal mix
of M20 grade concrete to determine the compressive strength. 9 Cubes were
casted for each percentage adding graphene oxide on the weight of cement
(0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03%) and tested for 28days of curing.
 From the results it was observed that the compressive strength of concrete
increased compared to that of conventional concrete cubes.
 Observations:

 From the results above compressive strength in inversely proportional to

specific surface area or grain size.
 For increment of compressive strength two reasons observed from
experimental work ,one is if specific surface area more or grain size is small
then compressive strength is increased.
 If porosity is decreases then compressive strength is increased.
 Conclusions
 Adding small amount of graphene oxide (GO) the compressive strength of
concrete is increased more.
 Addition of small quantity of 0.01 of GO 10 % of strength is increased and 30%
of strength is increased in addition of 0.02% GO and 45% strength is increased
by addition of 0.03% of GO.
 From the experimental investigation, Graphene oxide is one of the good
construction materials helps to improver in concrete.
 References
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2010; 3(2):918–42.
[2] Oltulu M, Sahin R. Effect of nano-SiO2, nano-Al2O3 and nanoFe2O3 powders on
compressive strengths and capillary water absorption of cement mortar containing
fly ash: a comparative study. Energy Build 2013; 58:292–301.
[3] Kawashima S Et al. Modification of cement-based materials with nanoparticles.
Cem Concr Compos 2013; 36:8–15.
[4] Ye Q Et al. Influence of nano-SiO2 addition on properties of hardened cement paste
as compared with silica fume. Constr Build Mater 2007; 21(3):539–45.
5] A. Mohammed, J.G. Sanjayan, W.H. Duan, A. Nazari, Incorporating graphene oxide in
cement composites: a study of transport properties, Constr. Build. Mater. 84 (2015)
341–347.
[6] H. Du, S.D. Pang, S.T. Quek, Transport Properties of Cement Mortar with
Graphite Nano platelet, in: 20th International Conference on Composites/Nano
Engineering, Beijing, China, 2012.
[7] A. Peyvandi, P. Soroushian, A.M. Balachandra, K. Sobolev, Enhancement of the
durability characteristics of concrete Nano composites pipes with modified
graphite Nano platelets, Constr. Build. Mater. 47 (2013) 111–117 .
[8] H. Du, S.D. Pang, Enhancement of barrier properties of cement mortar with
graphene Nano platelet, Cem. Concr. Res. 76 (2015) 10–19.
[9] A. Peyvandi, P. Soroushian, Structural performance of dry-cast concrete
nanocomposite pipes, Mater. Struct. 48 (2015) 461–470.
[10] Improvement in concrete resistance against water and chloride ingress by
adding graphene nanoplatelet Hongjian Du, Hongchen Jacey Gao, Sze Dai Pang
(2016) .
[11] Optimizing content graphene oxide in high strength concrete Valles Romero
Jose Antonio, Cuaya Simbro German, Morales Maldonado Emilio Raymundo
(2016).
Thank you