Date:

Computer
Unit - 1
Networks
Basics of Network and
Networking
Presented By:
Rubal Sagwal
Department of Computer Engineering
NIT, Kurukshetra

Book Ref :
Data Communication and Networking
(Behrouz A. Forouzan)
Rubal_CN 1
Contents
• Introduction
• Types of network
• Network basic terminology
• Types of network architecture
• Workgroup
• Domain

Rubal_CN 2
Introduction
Network – Computer Network – Advantages

Rubal_CN 3
 Networ
k
• WHAT?
 A group or system of interconnected people or things.
• Why?
 Connection
 Communication
• Where?
 When we need to transfer anything.

Rubal_CN 4
 Computer
Network
• A computer network is a set of devices (often
referred to as node) connected by communication
links.
• A node can be a computer, printer or any other
device capable of sending or receiving data
generated by other nodes on the network.

Rubal_CN 5
Computer
Network

Rubal_CN 6
 Networkin
g
• Networking is a process of communication between
two or more remote parties, that involves the
connection of computers, media and networking
devices.

Rubal_CN 7
Network
Applications

Network
Application

Rubal_CN 8
 Advantages of
Networking
• Easy communication
• File, data and information sharing
• Resource sharing (hardware)
• Increase storage capacity
• Reduce cost
• Save time

Rubal_CN 9
Types of
Networks
Physical Structure – LAN – WAN – MAN

Rubal_CN 10
 Types of
Network
1. Point to Point:

2. Multipoint:

Rubal_CN 11
Categories of
Network

Rubal_CN 12
 Network
Criteria
• Performance
 Transit Time
 Response Time
• Reliability
 Recovery from a failure
• Security
 Protecting data from:
• Unauthorized User
• Damage

Rubal_CN 13
Network Terms
Host– Workstation– Server– Client– Node

Rubal_CN 14
 Hos
t
• A network host is a computer or other device
connected to a computer network.
• A network host may offer information resources,
services, and applications to users or others nodes
on the network.

Rubal_CN 15
 Workstation

• A workstation (WS) is a computer dedicated to a

user or group of users engaged in business or
professional work.
• It includes one or more high resolution displays and
a faster processor than a personal computer (PC).
• Useful for Distributed Computing.
• Different from PC:
• Faster
• More capable

Rubal_CN 16
Client and
Server

Rubal_CN 17
 Client and
Server
• For process to process commutation we need Client
Server Paradigm.
• A process on local host, called a client, needs
services from a process usually on the remote host
called a server.
• So, a server is an a computer program that accepts
and responds to requests made by another
program, known as a client.

Rubal_CN 18
 Node

• A node can be a computer or some other device

such as printer that can receive, create, store or
send data along distributed network routes.

Rubal_CN 19
Types of
Network
Architecture
Peer to Peer – Client Server Model
Rubal_CN 20
 Peer-to-Peer Network

• A peer-to-peer network is one in which two or

more PCs share files and access to devices such as
printers without requiring a separate server
computer or server software.
Client-Server Network
• In client-server model, where client request for a
service to a server and server replies according to
client request.

Rubal_CN 21
Data Flow
Simplex – Half Duplex – Full Duplex

ADAD 22
 Simplex
Mode
• In Simplex mode:
• Communication is unidirectional,
• Only one can transmit and other can receive.
• Ex: keyboard and monitor

Direction of Data

Simplex Communication Structure

Rubal_CN 23
 Half-Duplex
Mode
• In Half Duplex mode:
• Both can transmit and receive,
• But not at a same time.
• At a time, only one can send or receive.
• Ex: Walkie-talkies

Direction of Data at time 1

Direction of Data at time 2

Half Duplex Communication Structure

Rubal_CN 24
 Full-Duplex (Duplex)
Mode
• In Full Duplex mode:
• Both station can transmit and receive simultaneously,
• But at a same time.
• Ex: Telephone Networks

Direction of Data

Full Duplex Communication Structure

Rubal_CN 25
Workgroup Vs.
Domain
Workgroup – Domain

ADAD 26
 Workgroup

• A workgroup is a peer-to-peer network using

common software. A workgroup allows all
participating and connected systems to access
shared resources such as files, system resources
and printers.
Domain
• In a domain is a subnetwork made up of a group of
clients and servers under the control of one central
security database.

Rubal_CN 27
 Workgroup Vs
Domain
Domain Workgroup
• Computers on workplace networks • Computers on home networks are
are usually part of a domain. usually part of a workgroup.
• One or more computers are server. • All computers are peers.
• For data security. • No data security.

Rubal_CN 28
 Summer
y
• Have studied about Network.
• Networking
• Networking Terms
• Data flow in a Network
• Network architecture
• Work group and Domain.

Rubal_CN 29