AIRCRAFT

FIRE & RESCUE

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH AIR
CRAFT INCIDENT:-

 
FireHazards
Presence of Special hazardous materials.
Presence of Explosive.
FIRE HAZARDS:-
An Air crafts having enormous amount of fuel
and other combustible materials on board.
Any serious crash will inevitably lead to spillage
or leakage of fuel which will often ignite
immediately.
Source of potential ignition in a damaged
aircraft presents always.
The development of fire ignition to peak
intensity can be very rapid.
Fire can occurs any where but some common conditions are as
follows:-

◦ At the time of Take-off

◦ At the time of landing.
◦ Due to internal failure.
◦ While stricken by any foreign body.
◦ Due to hitting by any war head.
◦ Explosion in military Air Craft.
◦ Failure of Detection and Extinguishing
system.
◦ Mechanical and Electrical failure.
◦ Metal Fire: (Aluminium, Magnesium alloy)
◦ Brake and wheel fires.
◦ Ground incident:-
◦ Fire due to spillage of fuel while refilling is
going on.
◦ Fire in Hanger’s.
PRESENCE OF SPECIAL HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS:-

Chemicals.
Radio active substances.
Pressurized container.
Bombs (In Military air craft).
Small Arm ammunitions.
Rocket Projectiles.
Nuclear weapons.
Hydrazine (H-70).
PRESENCE OF EXPLOSIVE:-
 
In case of Military air craft, the war head
of various weapons may cause of
devastating fire and accident in case of
any incident.
FIRE FIGHTING:-

Incident on Airport:-
Position the vehicle on a solid base nearer
to incident but at safe place considering
the direction of flow of air,
Try to keep doors and exits/escape slides
usable for passengers crew.
Appliances must be capable of delivering
water and foam while attending such
incident.
Adequate supply of water should
available through water tender or
Hydrant.
 Deploy delivery lines as required in
addition to monitor.
 Fireman will need to beer in mind,
however, that free fuel may be flowing
around them and could ignite and trap
them.
If any of the engines are still running, all
personnel should keep well clear of their
intake (7.5 mtr) and Exhaust (45 mtr)
outlet.
Application of Extinguishing Media:-
The objective of Fire Fighter shall be to
keep the fire away from the escaping
occupants without obstructing escape
route.
Sufficient foam should be applied to the
Fire.
 
Care should be taken, don’t use direct jet
over fire or spilled fuel.
There will be chance of penetrating the
fuselage by Fire,
Decisive Fire Fighting action should be
taken and introduce a water fog into the
affected area, both to cool it and to
prevent the rapid propagation of fire,
rapid build up of heat and smoke by
which people can trapped inside.
Window can be used as to insert fog
nozzle inside the fuselage. If fuselage
does become smoke lodged, ventilation
will be necessary.
 
Fire fighter must keep in mind that force
insertion of nozzle may cause of back
draught.
 
In some areas where foam could not
penetrate, use other extinguishing agent
like CO2 (Halon) DCP etc.,
Not all incident are sever in nature, but
the free fuel available in such areas are
more dangerous for fire fighter and should
covered with foam. If any leakage found
that should be sealed off.
 Sufficient equipments and appliances
should deploy to over come any
eventuality.
 
Therefore the positioning of Fire vehicle,
application of suitable extinguishing
media wind direction etc., play a vital role
in fire fighting. All operation should
conducted tactfully.
AIR CRAFT ACCESS AND EXISTS:-

Doors:- The normal means of entrance

and exit into aircraft.

Emergency Stairs:- Some passenger

aircraft have a rear entrance, fitted with a
stair which are used for normal embarking
and disembarking. It is Hydraulic
operated.
Escape slides and chutes:- Escape slides
are normally provided at doors for rapid
evacuation.
Window:- Normally they are fixed
rigidly, so it should availed unless not
necessary to open for Rescue.
 
Emergency hatches:- Generally it is the
removable type window fitted at several
places in the fuselage.
 
Break-in-position:- These are areas
marked on the fuselage where it should be
possible to cut through the air frame to
make force entry in case of Emergency.
EJECTION SEAT:-
 
A special sitting arrangement provided in
the cock pit of military Air craft having
facility of coming out in case of
Emergency.
AIRCRAFT FIRE AND RESCUE
INTRODUCTION

Now in this modern era we are using various

mode of transportation as Road, Rail, Sea or
Air based transportation system. The fastest
mode of transportation is aircraft
transportation and due to its speed and
availability of fuel, it is more sensitive to fire
in case of any accident.
 METALS USED

 AIRCRAFT ENGINE

 TYPE OF FUEL

 OTHER COMPONENTS

 AIRCRAFT EMERGENCIES
FIRE FIGHTING DEPEND ON
RESCUE OPERATION DEPENDS
ACTION REQUIRED FOR RESCUE
AND FIRE FIGHTING
QUICKEST MEANS OF ENTRANCE
TO AIRCRAFT
AFTER ENTRY
RESOURCES FOR FIGHTING FIRES AT
AIRPORT
FIRE FIGTHER SHOULD KNOW

 TYPES OF AIRCRAFT
 CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN
OF AIRCRAFT
 HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH
A.C.
 FIRE FIGTING TECHNIQUE
 METHODES OF RESCUE
 TYPES OF AIRCRAFT
 FIXED WING AIRCRAFT
CIVIL AIRCRAFT
MILITARY AIRCRAFT

 ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT

CIVIL AIRCRAFT
MILITARY AIRCRAFT
CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN
OF AIRCRAFT

BODY CONSTRUCTION
FUSELAGE
MAINPLAIN (WINGS
 METALS USED IN
AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION
ALUMINIUM ALLOY
MAGNESIUM AND ITS
ALLOY
TITANIUM ALLOY

STAINLESS STEEL
AIRCRAFT ENGINE

 PISTON ENGINE

 TURBINE ENGINE
 TYPES OF FUEL

 PETROL
o Avgas

 KEROSENE
o Avtur
o Avtag
 OTHER COMPONENTS

FUEL TANK
POWER AND PRESSURISED
SYSTEM
SEATING ARRANGMENT
AIRCRAFT ACCESS AND
EXITS
 AIRCRAFT
EMERGENCIES

 INCIDENT ON AIRPORT
 INCIDENT OFF AIRPORT
 GROUND INCIDENTS
 Type Of accidents
Incidents on airports
◦ Belly landing
◦ Nose landing
◦ Break and wheel fires
◦ others
Belly landing
Break and Wheel fires
 Others

Aborted Takeoff may result in this

FIRE FIGHTING DEPEND
POSITIONING OF
VEHICLE
APPLICATIONOF
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA

METHODS OF ATTACK
 RESCUE OPERATION
DEPENDS
MAKING ENTRY
USE OF ESCAPE ROUTE
OPERATION INSIDE THE
AIRCRAFT
CASUALTY HANDLING
AFTER RESCUE
 ACTION REQUIRED FOR RESCUE AND FIRE
FIGHTING :-

1. General information required in

every aircraft :
a) What has crashed
i) Type of Aircraft
ii) Aircrew and persons aboard.
iii) Gas lines in tanks.
iv) Guns, Bombs in case of
Military aircraft.
Contd.
b) Who responds :
I) Fire Service.
ii) Ambulance.
iii) Police.
c) Where is the crash :
i) Location of site.
ii) Use of predetermined route.
iii) Water sources.
 
Contd.
d) How to approach :
i) Stay upwind & uphill
ii) Get to the Aircrew, persons
and to the fire.
iii) Don’t bog-down in soft
grounds.
iv) Keep out of front & rear and
gun fire in case of a military
aircraft.
 Way to approach

NEVER GO JUST IN FRONT OR REAR OF

AN ENGINE
2. General Principles of Rescue
Operations :-
i) Rescue team should consist of two
men.
ii) Protective clothing to be used.
iii) Tools to be carried.
iv) Entry to be done either dry or
continuously protected by cooling
spray.
 
Codnt
3. Quickest means of entrance to
aircraft.
In the order of preference :
I) Access doors.
ii) Canopies.
iii) Emergency Hatches.
iv) Plexiglas.
v) Safety glass.
vi) Jammed Entrance.
vii) Fuselage walls.
Gaining
entry
to an
Aircraft
Contd.
4. After Entry :-
i) Protect aircrew & other
occupants against immediate
hazards.
ii) Check injuries and avoid increasing
them.
iii) Release and remove aircrew &
other occupants quickly.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FIRE
FIGHTING :
1. Protect aircrew and other
occupants at once.
2. Apply foam underneath the
fuselage and all around.
3. Close in on the fire and use foam
or water at the fire.
4. Hit hard and low near the
ground where heat will be less.
5. Prevent spread of fire.
4. RESOURCES FOR FIGHTING FIRES
AT AIRPORT :-
1. Fire fighting water mains,
Hydrants and Monitors.
2. Fire Brigade vehicles viz Crash
Tenders, Emergency Tenders ,
Rescue Tenders, Foam
Tenders, Water Tenders etc.
3. Fire Brigade equipment.
4. Fire Brigade fire-fighting crew &
rescuers, First-aiders etc.
5. Foam reserves.
6. Support services viz Police,
ambulance, local authorities
7 communication systems etc.
Crash Tender
Hanger Protection
Conclusion
TODAY WE HAVE DISCUSSED:-
 TYPES OF AIRCRAFT
 CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN
 ASSOCIATED HAZARDS
 FIRE FIGTING TECHNIQUE
 METHODES OF RESCUE
 METALS USED IN
AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION
 AIRCRAFT ENGINE
 TYPE OF FUEL
 OTHER COMPONENTS
 AIRCRAFT EMERGENCIES
ANY QUESTIONS ?
THANK YOU