FALSE CEILING

TYPES AND METHODS OF

CONSTRUCTION
 FALSE CEILING
 A false ceiling is a ceiling made beneath the main ceiling of the
room or building.

 It may also be referred to as a drop ceiling,T-bar ceiling, false

ceiling, suspended ceiling, grid ceiling, drop in ceiling, drop out
ceiling, or ceiling tiles and is a staple of modern construction and
architecture in both residential and commercial applications.

 Dropped ceilings and ceiling tiles were being used in Japan for

aesthetic reasons as early as the Muromachi Period (1337 to 1573)
.
 ELEMENTS
A suspended ceiling system consists of 3
parts:

 Primary Members
 Secondary Members and
 Main Ceiling Material or Tiles (e.g.
acoustic boards, cloth)

These primary and secondary members are

called the structural members and form the
framework on which the boards, lighting
1) Main Runners 2) Secondary members fixtures, A.C ducts etc. are fixed.etc.)
3) Perimeter section 4) Hanging member
5) Tile
 TYPES BASED ON
APPEARANCE
Depending up on the appearance and visibility of the members false ceilings are classified in to two
types. They are:

1. Exposed Grid
2. Concealed grid
 EXPOSED GRID SYSTEM
A system where the grid is visible and into which panels are laid. The grid is finished in colours to
harmonise or contrast with the panels is known as exposed grid type ceiling.

15mm PROFILED GRID 15mm GRID &

& STEEL PANEL REBATED PANEL

TYPICAL EXPOSED 24mm GRID & 15mm PROFILED GRID

GRID ARRANGEMENT SQUARE EDGE PANEL & REBATED PANEL
 EXPOSED GRID SYSTEM
 Exposed grid varieties are the most common type of suspended ceiling.

 They consist of long metal strips, called "mains," which are interconnected with shorter metal pieces
known as "tees Together, the mains and tees form a grid system which are then filled with acoustical
ceiling tiles.

 Exposed grid suspended ceiling systems can contribute to passive fire protection.

 The system is rapid to install and can provide a high degree of access to the ceiling void.

 Panels are also available with enhanced features, offering increased sound absorption, sound
attenuation, heat insulation, resistance to humidity, etc.
 EXPOSED GRID SYSTEM
Manufactured from a variety of
materials,

Suspension Bolt 1. Mineral/rock fibre

Tee Hanger 2. Glass fibre
3. Plasterboard
4. Calcium silicate
5. Glass reinforced gypsum
Wall Ceiling perlite
Angle Board 6. Wood,
7. Steel and aluminium.

Tee Hanger The more common dimensions

of panel used
Main Tee 1200 x 600, 600 x 600 and
Cross Tee
500 x 500mm.
 CONCEALED GRID SYSTEM
• Concealed grid systems use the acoustical tiles to hide the grid system from view.
This creates a smooth, clean which is aesthetically pleasing. The tile used has a
small groove built into it's perimeter, which slides over the mains and tees to
cover them.

• This kind of false ceiling system is difficult for maintenance to access areas above
the ceiling.

Sections of Concealed grid systems

CONCEALED GRID SYSTEM

Common sizes of tiles are 300

x 300 and 600 x 600.

Concealed grid systems require

an extremely high standard of
workmanship to achieve a
satisfactory installation.
 CONCEALED GRID SYSTEM
SOFFIT CLEAT:
Soffit cleat is used to hold the ceiling angle vertically in position. Soffit cleat is fixed to ceiling
with help of fasters. Ceiling angle is connected o soffit clit with uses of metal to metal screws.

PERIMETER CHANNEL:
Perimeter channel is fixed along the periphery of false ceiling area. The perimeter channel is fixed
to wall with help of screw and serves as supports of intermediate channels.

INTERMEDIATE CHANNEL:
Intermediate channel acts as basic skeleton to hold the suspended ceiling system.Intermediate
channel is fixed to ceiling angles by using metal to metal screws.Ceiling section is connected to
intermediate channel through connecting
clip.
 CONCEALED GRID SYSTEM
CEILING SECTIONS:
Ceiling section is hold by intermediate channel with the help
of connecting clip. Gypsum board is fixed to ceiling section
with the help of drywall screws.

CONNECTION CLIP:
Connecting clip is used to connect ceiling section to intermediate channel.
 TYPES BASED ON MATERIAL

1. Plaster of Paris
2. Gypsum CONCEALED
3. Wooden

4. Fibre
5. Synthetic Leather or Cloth
6. Glass EXPOSED
7. Metal
 PLASTER OF PARIS
 Gypsum, which gives out water when heated, makes POP. Post-heating, gypsum softens and is then
crushed to form a powder. POP hardens instantly when water is added to it.

 It is applied to fiberboard or a wood base,which is then suspended to form the false ceiling.

ADVANTAGES
 It can easily be moulded into any shape.
 It is very good fire resistant and hence a very good heat insulating
material.

DISADVANTAGES
 Skilled labour is required for precise application and thus labour
cost for applying plaster of Paris is high.
 Cracks developed after passage of time.
 GYPSUM BOARD
Gypsum is a Soft, light weight hydrated sulfate of calcium.
Gypsum false ceiling consists of gypsum boards that are being supported by
Iron framework.

• It is available in variable thickness and sizes as well.

• It is quite light weight and is easy to install.
• This type of false ceiling are Sound insulated, fire resistance, soft and thermally insulated.

Gypsum board can be applied over wood or metal framing

or furring.It can be applied to masonry and concrete
surfaces, either directly or to wood or metal furring strips.
 GYPSUM BOARD
ADVANTAGES

 Gypsum board building systems are Easy to Install for several reasons.

 Gypsum board is an excellent fire-resistive building material.

 Gypsum board is used to construct strong, high quality walls and ceilings that
 offer excellent dimensional stability and durability.

 Gypsum board is readily available and easy to apply.

 Gypsum board satisfies a wide range of architectural requirements for design.

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 GYPSUM BOARD
EASE OF INSTALLATION

o Gypsum board building systems are Easy to Install for TYPES BASED ON EDGE
several reasons. Gypsum board panels are relatively
large compared to other materials.
ROUNDED
o They come in 48- and 54-inch wide sheets and in
lengths of 8, 10, or 12 feet, so they quickly cover large TAPERED
wall and ceiling areas.

o It can also be adhesively attached to many substrates.

BEVELED
o Two workers can easily handle most panels and cover
large areas in very short time periods. SQUARE EDGE

TONGUE AND
GROOVE
 WOOD
It is used both for providing roofing and for aesthetical purpose in a building.

TYPES OF WOODEN FALSE CEILING

• Suspended ceiling
• Ceiling tiles

SUSPENDED CEILING
A non structural ceiling suspended below the overhead structural slab or from the structural elements of
a building and not bearing onto the walls is known as suspended ceiling.

CEILING TILES
Ceiling tiles are standard 12" x 12" or 16" x 16" squares that are attached to a frame
which are connected with vertical member.
 WOOD
ADVANTAGES

• They can be given various finishes, or painted to get the right look.
• They can be treated to increase their lifespan.
• They are strong.

DISADVANTAGES

• Ply ceiling are difficult to maintain, since these are prone to termite attacks
• Its highly flammable material.
• The room has to be thermally controlled to reduce the humidity in the air.
 GLASS
• Usually transparent glass is not used as ceiling as it contradicts the very idea of false ceiling- to hide
from viewer's eye .

• Thus glass used in ceiling are treatment glass such as frost glass, back painted , stained glass , mirror
etc.
 GLASS
ADVANTAGES
• Creates the illusion of depth,it makes the room visually higher.
• Resist moisture and temperature fluctuations .
• Suspended glass ceiling with stained-glass panels can be decorated with the image ,
ink jet or sticker on the top of transparent glass.

DISADVANTAGES
•Hard and brittle to cut .
•Suspended glass ceilings are quite heavy compared to other ceiling materials
•Most dangerous if glass tile breaks during work
•Not advisable in earthquake prone areas .
•Its not easy to maintain.
 METAL
Metal ceilings are made of naturally strong light-weight aluminium,zinc coated
steel or stainless steel, prepainted and treated for long life, rustfree performance, fire and moisture
resist.

Apart from defining the visual appearance of the product, the perforation will
also influence the acoustic performance of the ceiling. Metal ceilings offer arrange of light
reflectance values between 63 & 87%.

Metal ceilings are ideal for,

- Modern work spaces
- Break out zones in offices
- Clean rooms
- Kitchens
- Hospitals and
- Transportation
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 METAL
TYPES OF METAL CEILING
S-CURVE SHAPE
1. CLIP-IN TILE Acoustical performance achieved throug
2. PLANK perforation
3. S-CURVE SHAPE
4. OPEN CELLO Enhances internal air flow

CLIP-IN TILE PLANK

Plain, monolithic surface smooth or contiguous appearance.
Easy to clean
enabling a fine balance between appearanc
Swing down option for easy access and acoustics.

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 METAL

PERFORATION SIZE-CLIP-IN TILE AND PLANK

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 FIBER-BOARD
Mineral reinforced tiles are ceramics reinforced with natural stone, wood,vegetable fibre, bitumen and
tars. This process increases the insulation capacity of the product.

Fibreboard tiles are strengthened with wood vegetable fibre, wood waste ,reed paper and agricultural
wastes.

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 SYNTHETIC LEATH
The materials used in this type of ceilings are either leather or cloth and thermocol.

As both the used materials are man-made they can be given any form,shape and design which
improves the aesthetic view of interior of the building.

As these collects dust and has low light transferring property it’s only used in temporary tents or other
temporary buildings.

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 METHOD OF INSTALATIO
i. Fixing the framework directly to the beams.
ii. Fixing a suspended framework to a plastered ceiling.
iii. Fixing vertical struts to the supports.
iv. Fixing the wall supports and framework members.
v. Apply the insulation.
vi. Fix the first row of ceiling panels.
vii. Cutting panels to length.
viii. Finishing the joints. Edging profile.