Life and Works of

Rizal
Jose Rizal

– José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

– born June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—died December 30, 1896, Manila
– Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer) (1887), exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in
the Philippines.
– El Filibustersimo (The Reign of Greed) (1891)
– Annotated the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. ( A book written by Antonio
Morgas).
– On the eve of his execution, while confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote “Último
adiós” (“Last Farewell”), a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse.
 Republic Act 1425
“Rizal Law”
– AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS,
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF
JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL
FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
– The act states the reason for this law as being, "Whereas, today, more than other
period of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom and
nationalism for which our heroes lived and died." The government wishes for each
citizen to know and remember the faces who shaped the country they now live in.
Spanish Colonization of the
Philippines
– The Spaniards ruled the Philippines for 300 years under these conditions,
continually harassed by Chinese pirates, by the Moros (Mohammedans from
Mindanao and Sulu), by the Dutch and the English who wanted to take
possession of the Islands, and finally by the frequent revolts on the part of the
natives.
– When European traders, in search for a new route to the Spice Islands,
stumbled into the Philippine archipelago in 1521, they found the people living
in a comparatively high state of civilization. 
Native Philippine Practices before the
Spanish Colonization
– The women’s position in society was high;
– tribal laws and customs recognized her equality with the men in many respects.
– The people practiced monogamy in general.
– Codes of law governed their conduct.
– Punishments with varying degrees of severity were meted out to culprits
whose offenses were tried in public courts presided over by the chiefs.
–  Several languages were spoken, then, as now, although there was one common
alphabet called babaying, which resembled the ancient alphabet of India.
Who colonized the Philippines?

– The actual work of colonization began in 1565, when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
concluded treaties of friendship with the native chiefs. Then he proceeded to
establish a Spanish town on Cebu Island, to convert the people to Roman
Catholicism.
Strategy of Spain

– Spain’s foremost aim in the Philippines was to spread their religion. For this
purpose thousands of Catholic missionaries belonging to various orders came to
the Philippines.
– The contribution of this mission work toward the advancement of education,
culture, and architecture in general was enormous, although in later years the
friars came to be considered as the opponents of the enlightenment of the
people.
–  It was also at this point when the Spanish missionaries tried to eliminate the
ancient written literature of the Filipinos. Because of the destruction of ancient
writings, in their eagerness to erase the previous cultural records of the
Philippines, only the orally transmitted literature has survived.
Biggest Contribution, our Biggest
Mistake
– But Spain’s biggest legacy to the Philippines is Roman Catholism, which the
people embraced readily from the beginning.
– The missionary zeal to make the country an outpost of the Catholicism in spite
of the fact that (even with unsparing exploitation), the Philippines was a
financial liability as a colony.
– With the rising influence of the Catholic Church in the Philippines, there began
a contention for power between the religious and civil authorities, which
proved harmful to the Filipinos. 
Reflection/ Conclusion

– The Spaniards conquered the Philippines for 333 years. No unity, no proper
government, divided tribes.
– Those are some reasons on why the Spanish easily conquered our land.
– Result of these are, we adapted their culture, traditions, and even their languages
which we used until today.
– The Spanish took advantage of the already divided up people in the Philippines and
easily dominated by them.
– When a Filipino tribe was planning to have a revolution, the Spanish would send
another group of Filipino tribes to conquer their fellow Filipinos, which results of
creating a stronger sense of division. 
Name & Meaning

– Dr. – His profession

– Jose – San Jose festival season when he was born
– Protacio – It came from their calendar (a saint)
– Rizal – came from the Spanish word “Ricial” which means “Rice field”
– Mercado – which means “market”
– Alonzo – came from his mother
– Realonda – came from his auntie (ninang)
Childhood of Jose Rizal

– The childhood of Jose Rizal can be characterized by his desire to learn, even
frequenting the church nearby his home to watch and observe people but not
to be religiously inclined.
– Jose Rizal was not a physically blessed or strong. However, he had a strong will
guided and taught by his mother, his first teacher.
– He learned almost without the use of books. His mother was the one who laid
the foundation of his great knowledge achieved in such a short time.
– Learned the letters at the age of 3
Three (3) influences on his childhood

– Jose
– Taught regular lessons to Rizal
– Manuel
– Developed his physique until he was no longer skinny and sickly
– Gregorio
– Instilled in the mind of Rizal that it was not easy to obtain something until you put
effort into it.
– Even in his childhood, Rizal already knew how to respect the rights of others and
requested his elders to reason with him rather than get mad at him for small
offenses.
– He became a welcome companion for adults even at his young age since he
respected their moods and was never a hindrance to their activities.
– There was also a time when Rizal was able to draw a bird flying nearby without
lifting the pencil, he was using from the paper till the picture he drew was finished.
– He can also draw a running horse and a chasing dog. Clay and wax were the favorite
play materials of Rizal
In Calamba, Laguna

19 June 1861
JOSE RIZAL, the seventh child of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso y Quintos, was
born in Calamba, Laguna.

22 June 1861
He was baptized JOSE RIZAL MERCADO at the Catholic of Calamba by the parish priest Rev.
Rufino Collantes with Rev. Pedro Casañas as the sponsor.

28 September 1862
The parochial church of Calamba and the canonical books, including the book in which Rizal’s
baptismal records were entered, were burned.
1864
Barely three years old, Rizal learned the alphabet from his mother.

1865
When he was four years old, his sister Conception, the eight child in the Rizal family, died at the
age of three. It was on this occasion that Rizal remembered having shed real tears for the first
time.

1865 – 1867
During this time his mother taught him how to read and write. His father hired a classmate by
the name of Leon Monroy who, for five months until his (Monroy) death, taught Rizal the
rudiments of Latin.
1865 – 1867
At about this time two of his mother’s cousin frequented Calamba. Uncle Manuel
Alberto, seeing Rizal frail in body, concerned himself with the physical
development of his young nephew and taught the latter love for the open air and
developed in him a great admiration for the beauty of nature, while Uncle
Gregorio, a scholar, instilled into the mind of the boy love for education. He
advised Rizal: "Work hard and perform every task very carefully; learn to be swift
as well as thorough; be independent in thinking and make visual pictures of
everything."
6 June 1868 
With his father, Rizal made a pilgrimage to Antipolo to fulfill the vow made by his
mother to take the child to the Shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo should she and her child
survive the ordeal of delivery which nearly caused his mother’s life.

From there they proceeded to Manila and visited his sister Saturnina who was at the
time studying in the La Concordia College in Sta. Ana.

1869
At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem entitled "Sa Aking Mga Kabata." The
poem was written in tagalog and had for its theme "Love of One’s Language."