Hiv-Aids Un Pko - STD

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping Operations
Operations
Centro de Entrenamiento y Capacitación para

Operaciones de Paz
Unit 4 – Part 2
HIV/AIDS and
UN Peacekeeping Operations
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Why is this important for me?

Peacekeeping operations carry a risk for HIV
transmission. You need to know about prevention so
you can:
•Protect your health
•Protect the health

of others
•Protect the
legitimacy of the
mission
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Learning Outcomes
On completion of this session, participants will be able
to:
•Explain how HIV is transmitted
•List the ABCs of prevention of HIV
•Describe how to use a condom properly
•Explain whether it is possible to tell if a person is

infected with the HIV virus from their appearance

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
What does HIV mean?
H = Human
I = Immunodeficiency
V = Virus
HIV = a virus that causes the weakening of the
human defence system against diseases.
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
What does AIDS mean?

A = Acquired virus has been received from
another infected person
I = Immune the body’s defence system
against disease
D = Deficiency not working properly – the
immune system is weak
S
= Syndrome collection of symptoms
associated with a particular
disease
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
HIV
• “Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome”
• A specific type of virus (a retrovirus)
• HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate
itself.
• No Cure

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
AIDS
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

• HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
• Disease limits the body’s ability to fight
infection
• A person with AIDS has a very weak
immune system
• No Cure

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DEL VIH/SIDA

EN EL MUNDO
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
PERU
1983 : Primer caso SIDA en Perú
Reportado en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Basic concept
• Natural History

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Four Stages of HIV

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Stage 1 - Primary
• Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six

weeks after infection
• no symptoms at all
• Infected person can infect other people

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Stage 2 - Asymptomatic
• Lasts for an average of ten years

• This stage is free from symptoms
• There may be swollen glands
• The level of HIV in the blood drops to very
low levels
• HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Stage 3 - Symptomatic
• The symptoms are mild

• The immune system deteriorates
• emergence of opportunistic infections
and cancers

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Stage 4 - HIV  AIDS
• The immune
system weakens
• The illnesses
become more
severe leading to
an AIDS diagnosis

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Opportunistic Infections associated

with AIDS
• Bacterial
– Tuberculosis (TB)
– Strep pneumonia
• Viral
– Kaposi Sarcoma
– Herpes
– Influenza (flu)
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Opportunistic Infections associated

with AIDS
• Parasitic
– Pneumocystis carinii
• Fungal
– Candida
– Cryptococcus

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Through Bodily Fluids
• Blood products
• Semen
• Vaginal fluids
• Breast Milk

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Through IV Drug Use
• Sharing Needles
– Without sterilization
• Increases the chances of contracting HIV

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Through Sex
• Intercourse (penile penetration into the vagina)
• Oral
• Anal
• Digital Sex

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Mother-to-Baby
• Before Birth
• During Birth
• Postpartum
– After the birth

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Testing Options for HIV

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Anonymous and Confidential Testing
• No name is used
• Unique identifying number
• Results issued only to test recipient
23659874515
Anonymous

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Blood Detection Tests
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent
Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA)
• Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect
Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA)
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
• Western Blot Confirmatory test
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Urine Testing
• Urine Western Blot

– As sensitive as testing blood
– Safe way to screen for HIV
– Can cause false positives in
certain people at high risk for
HIV

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Oral Testing
• Orasure
– The only FDA approved
HIV antibody.
– As accurate as blood
testing
– Draws blood-derived
fluids from the gum
tissue.
– NOT A SALIVA TEST!
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Counseling
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Pre-test Counseling
• Transmission
• Prevention
• Risk Factors
• Voluntary & Confidential
• Reportability of Positive Test Results

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Post-test Counseling
• Clarifies test results
• Need for additional testing
• Promotion of safe behavior
• Release of results

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Treatment Options
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Antiretroviral Drugs
• Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors

– AZT (Zidovudine)
• Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors

– Viramune (Nevirapine)
• Protease inhibitors
– Norvir (Ritonavir)

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Opportunistic Infection Treatment
• Issued in an event where antiretroviral

drugs are not available

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Four ways to protect yourself?
• Abstinence
• Monogamous Relationship
• Protected Sex
• Only use New Sterilized Needles for injection.

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Abstinence
• It is the only 100 % effective method of

not acquiring HIV/AIDS.
• Refraining from sexual contact: oral,
anal, or vaginal.
• Refraining from intravenous drug use
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Monogamous relationship
• A mutually monogamous (only one sex

partner) relationship with a person who is not
infected with HIV
• HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to
prove your partner is not infected
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Protected Sex
• Use condoms (female or male) every time

you have sex (vaginal or anal)
• Always use latex or polyurethane condom
(not a natural skin condom)
• Always use a latex barrier during oral sex
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
When Using A Condom

Remember To:
• Make sure the package is not expired
• Make sure to check the package for damages
• Do not open the package with your teeth for risk of

tearing
• Never use the condom more than once
• Use water-based rather than oil-based condoms

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
How is HIV spread?

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
HIV is spread by…

1. Unprotected sex with infected partner - vaginal,
oral or anal
2. Infected blood / blood products
3. Sharing contaminated injection equipment – e.g.

needles
4. From mother to child during pregnancy, delivery

or breastfeeding

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
How is HIV NOT spread?

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
HIV is NOT spread by…

1. Animals or insects
2. Water
3. Non-sexual contact between people in daily activities
4. Using toilets or showers
5. Visiting a hospital or medical wing
9. Coughing or sneezing
4. Touching, hugging or shaking hands
5. Sharing food or eating or drinking using utensils
6. Working, socializing, living with or sharing the same
room with an HIV positive person
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
What are the “A, B, Cs” of

HIV Prevention?

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
The “A, B, Cs” of HIV Prevention
A = Abstinence - No sex
B = Be faithful - Stick to one non-infected

spouse or partner
C = Use Condoms, if needed

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
You Must Know

How to Use a Condom Properly!

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
How do you know if you

have HIV/AIDS?

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
How do you know if you

have HIV/AIDS?
The only way to know whether you
have HIV is to have an HIV test.

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Anyone can become infected!
Respect persons living with HIV!
DO YOU WANNA KNOW SOME

RELATED SEXUAL DISEASES?

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Learning Assessment Questions

1. You can get HIV from being bitten by a
mosquito. True or False
2. You can become infected with HIV from having

sex with a person one time. True or False
3. You can contract HIV by sharing syringes or

needles used to inject drugs. True or False
4. What are the A, B, Cs of HIV prevention?

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Learning Assessment Questions

5. You can tell by looking at someone whether he
or she has HIV. True or False
6. What is the only way to know that you have HIV

or AIDS?
7. A person’s HIV status should always be treated

confidentially whether they work for the UN or
not. True or False
8. A person can be infected with HIV for 10 years

or more yet show no symptoms. True or False
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Learning Assessment Answers

1. You can get HIV from being bitten by a
mosquito. False
2. You can become infected with HIV from having

sex with a person one time. True
3. You can contract HIV by sharing syringes or

needles used to inject drugs. False
4. What are the A, B, Cs of HIV prevention?

Abstinence; Be Faithful; Use a Condom
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Learning Assessment Answers

5. You can tell by looking at someone whether he
or she has HIV. False
6. What is the only way to know that you have HIV

or AIDS? By being tested.
7. A person’s HIV status should always be treated

confidentially whether they work for the UN or
not. True
8. A person can be infected with HIV for 10 years

or more yet show no symptoms. True
Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations

Unit
Unit 4
4 Part
Part 2
2 HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS and
and UN
UN Peacekeeping
Operations
Thank You!


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Unit

Centro de Entrenamiento y Capacitación para

Why is this important for me?

•Protect your health

•Protect the health

•Explain how HIV is transmitted

•List the ABCs of prevention of HIV

•Describe how to use a condom properly

•Explain whether it is possible to tell if a person is

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

What does HIV mean?

What does AIDS mean?

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DEL VIH/SIDA

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

Four Stages of HIV

• Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

• Lasts for an average of ten years

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

• The symptoms are mild

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

Stage 4 - HIV  AIDS

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

Opportunistic Infections associated

Opportunistic Infections associated

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission

Through Bodily Fluids

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

Through IV Drug Use

• Increases the chances of contracting HIV

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

• Intercourse (penile penetration into the vagina)

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

Testing Options for HIV

Anonymous and Confidential Testing

• Unique identifying number

• Results issued only to test recipient

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

Blood Detection Tests

• Urine Western Blot

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

• Voluntary & Confidential

• Reportability of Positive Test Results

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

• Need for additional testing

• Promotion of safe behavior

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

• Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors

• Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

Opportunistic Infection Treatment

• Issued in an event where antiretroviral

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

Four ways to protect yourself?

• Only use New Sterilized Needles for injection.

UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards

• It is the only 100 % effective method of

• A mutually monogamous (only one sex