Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kashmir Issue by Sir Zahid
Kashmir Issue by Sir Zahid
Kashmir Issue by Sir Zahid
AND
PROGRESS IN SOUTH ASIA
1
INTRODUCTION
Gilgit &
Baltistan
Gilgit/
Baltistan
Ladakh
Kashmir Poonch
Valley Kashmir
Poonch Valley Ladakh
Jammu
Jammu
Karakorum Range
Total - 17.6 M
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 10
ETHNICITY/ RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION
Valley of Kashmir, Gilgit ETHNICITY
Baltistan and Azad
Kashmir is predominantly
Muslim
Ladakh is home to
Buddhists, whereas
Jammu and Poonch are
Hindu dominated areas
Over a period of time, the
overall Muslims population
in IHK has now been
reduced from 76% to about
64%
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 11
GDP / ECONOMY
AK
IHK
GDP of Azad Kashmir
is estimated to be
around $ 3.5 Billion
(J&K) is significantly
Arabian
Sea
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 14
GEO-STRATGEIC IMPORTANCE
Large scale uprising of 1989
and nuclearization of South
Asia (India and Pakistan) in
1998 has added new
dimension to the Kashmir
Dispute
The failure of diplomacy to
resolve the Kashmir dispute is
regrettable, given the amount
of international as well as
regional attention paid to it
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 15
THE GENESIS OF KASHMIR DISPUTE
Independence) of 1857
non-Muslim majority"Resolution
areas of Kashmir Dispute" 18
INDEPENDENCE OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN AND THE
‘INSTRUMENT OF ACCESSION’ OF KASHMIR TO INDIA
Government’
Pakistan
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 22
‘STANDSTILL AGREEMENT’
‘Instrument of Accession’
Pakistan
Constitutional Assembly to
people of Kashmir”
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 25
INDIAN MILITARY INTERVENTION AND
DIVISION OF KASHMIR
outskirts of Srinagar
On morning 27 October 1947, Indian troops landed on
Srinagar Airport
On 24 October 1947, Azad Kashmir Government was
authorities
India to withdraw bulk of its troops
Appointment of UN Plebiscite
Administrator
In March 1949, Admiral Chester
Nimitz of the US Navy was appointed
by the UN as Plebiscite Administrator
His task was to ensure
implementation of UNCIP Resolution
of 13 August 1948 through arbitration
The mission failed
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 34
UNITED NATIONS AND THE KASHMIR DISPUTE
Human Cost
Human Cost
Human rights abuses by
Indian Security Forces, such
as extra-judicial executions,
disappearances, rape and
torture
Armed Forces Special
Powers Act (AFSPA)
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 47
COST OF CONFLICT
Human Cost
20,000 people have been
detained by draconian laws
in Indian Administered
Kashmir
During 2011, the issue of
‘Unmarked Graves’ in IHK
was also unearthed by
Human Rights
Economic Cost
Extensive
Affected the Tourism,
damage to Discouraged
important horticulture
the private
sources of and
infrastructur investment
livelihood handicrafts
e
Diplomatic Cost
Pakistan Kashmir
Thrice to India
Bilateral considers resolution
war and insists on
relations Kashmir essential for
twice to promotion
virtually of trade & Dispute progress
the brink on other
hostage commerce the core
of war disputes
issue
Muslim / non-Muslim
majority areas.
Commonly called
Option 5 - Combination of
Partition and Limited Plebiscite To Pakistan
under UN Auspices
Azad Kashmir and Gilgit To India
Kashmir as an independent
Pakistan, as a result of a
plebiscite, a referendum or as
an outcome of a negotiated
settlement
USA
Maintains somewhat neutrality and encourages
Confidence Building Measures
Supports bilateral effort to resolve Kashmir and other
disputes
Does not show keenness for implementation of UN
Resolutions, which is viewed as a diplomat support to
India
Encourages some Kashmiri groups working for
Independent Kashmir
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 74
CONCERNS OF MAJOR PLAYERS
USA
Shows interest in mediation to resolve Kashmir
Dispute if such efforts are requested by India and
Pakistan
Is concerned over nuclearization of South Asia and
perpetually increasing nuclear capability of both
countries
Has formalized ‘Strategic Relations/ Partnership’ with
India, including provision of civilian nuclear facility
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 75
CONCERNS OF MAJOR PLAYERS
China
Encourages and supports bilateral resolution of all
conflicts, including Kashmir Dispute
Supports Pakistani stand on Kashmir at all
international / regional forums
Supports holding of plebiscite under UN auspices and
implementation of other UNSC Resolutions
Supports demilitarization of Kashmir and de-
nuclearization of South Asia without any
discrimination
Denounces all forms of terrorist activities, including
State Terrorism in Kashmir
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 76
CONCERNS OF MAJOR PLAYERS
Russia
Supports bilateral resolution of all conflicts and
disputes
Traditionally, has supported India on international
forums and still maintains strategic partnership with
India
Indicates willingness to facilitate negotiated
settlement of the Dispute
Would like to support any diplomatic process which
reduces US influence in the region and facilitates
continuation of Russian influence in Central Asian
States
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute" 77
CONCERNS OF MAJOR PLAYERS
79
"Resolution of Kashmir Dispute"