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  • Extraction of Zinc

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    Amit Mishra
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    Zinc is extracted from its ores such as sphalerite, zincite, and smithsonite. There are two main extraction routes - pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. In the pyrometallurgy route, the ores are crushed and roasted to produce zinc oxide, which is then reduced to zinc vapor in retorts. The hydrometallurgy route uses controlled roasting and leaching to recover high purity zinc. The Imperial Smelting Process is a common pyrometallurgy technique that uses coke as the reducing agent to smelt mixed zinc and lead ores in large automated furnaces.

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    Zinc is extracted from its ores such as sphalerite, zincite, and smithsonite. There are two main extraction routes - pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. In the pyrometallurgy route, the ores are crushed and roasted to produce zinc oxide, which is then reduced to zinc vapor in retorts. The hydrometallurgy route uses controlled roasting and leaching to recover high purity zinc. The Imperial Smelting Process is a common pyrometallurgy technique that uses coke as the reducing agent to smelt mixed zinc and lead ores in large automated furnaces.

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    178 views15 pages

    Extraction of Zinc

    Uploaded by

    Amit Mishra
    Zinc is extracted from its ores such as sphalerite, zincite, and smithsonite. There are two main extraction routes - pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. In the pyrometallurgy route, the ores are crushed and roasted to produce zinc oxide, which is then reduced to zinc vapor in retorts. The hydrometallurgy route uses controlled roasting and leaching to recover high purity zinc. The Imperial Smelting Process is a common pyrometallurgy technique that uses coke as the reducing agent to smelt mixed zinc and lead ores in large automated furnaces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    Extraction of zinc

    Zinc silvery white lustrous diamagnetic materials

    Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust 


    Atomic no-30
    Atomic weight-65.38amu
    Density-7.13gm/cm3
    Melting point-419.5 0C
    Boiling point-910 0C

    Ore
    Sphalerite- ZnS
    Zincite-Zn0 Sphalerite Zincite Franklinite
    Franklinite-Zn0.(Fe, Mn)203
    Calamine-Zn2.(0H)2Si03
    Smithstone-ZnC03

    • Exist as low grade ore-pyro


    and hydrometallurgy
    extraction route is used

    Calamine Smithstone
    Properties
    • Good corrosion resistance
    • Good abrasion resistance
    • Good castability/formability
    • Good structural strength
    • Good dimensional stability

    • Low melting point


    • Low cost /unit weight
    Application

    Galvanisation
    Zn5(0H)6(C03)2

    Roofing and cladding application Rolled zinc


    Brass-cu, Zn
    Gun metal-88%Cu,10%Sn,2%Zn
    Pyro metallurgy Route
    crushing Sand settle at the bottom
    ,S
    Fluid bed roster/multiple hearth
    roaster
    ZnS+1.5O2→ZnO+SO2

    ZnO + CO→Zn+CO2
    CO2+ C→2CO
    Horizontal retort
    Length-2m
    Dia-0.25m
    Thickness-5-6cm
    • Made of clay

    • Charge material-
    Zn agglomerate and coke breeze
    • Heat up to-1200-14000C, produce Zn vapour
    • 35 operation
    • 50kg/day
    • Metal is not used as Zn will alloy with all metal
    Vertical retort

    Length-10m
    Dia-0.7m
    Thickness-30cm

    • Made of Sic because of its thermal conductivity


    • 7-10 tons of Zn/day
    • Automatic charging and discharging facilities
    • Blue oxide-Zn0+Zn
    • spleter

    3 different layer
    • Zn+Pb layer(0.8%)
    • Zn+Fe layer(15-20%) Hard metal
    • Pb+Zn layer(1.5%)

    Recovery of Zinc is-95%


    Hydrometallurgy Route
    Advantages of hydrometallurgy
    • Recovery of Zinc is more than pyro metallurgy
    • More purity of Zinc is recovered
    PH-5.3 • Recovery of precious metal
    Controlled roasting in order to avoid
    the formation of Zn0.Fe203
    Zn0.Fe203 unleachable
    Imperial smelting process

    Charge materials
    • Sinter
    • Preheated
    coke(8000C)
    The smelting reactions takes place in ISP are
    • 𝐶+0.5𝑂2→𝐶𝑂
    • Pb has highest density-settle at the bottom.
    • 𝐶+𝑂2→𝐶𝑂2 • along with Pb- Fe, Cu dissolves-Pb bullion

    • 𝐶+𝐶𝑂2→2𝐶𝑂 • Impurities are oxidised-barren slag


    • 𝑍𝑛𝑂+𝐶𝑂→𝑍𝑛+𝐶𝑂2
    • 𝑃𝑏𝑂+𝐶𝑂→𝑃𝑏+𝐶𝑂2
    • Cu2𝑂+𝐶𝑂→2Cu+𝐶𝑂2
    • Fe𝑂+𝐶𝑂→Fe+𝐶𝑂2
    Furnace temp-10000C
    Advantage of ISP
    • It is possible to smelt low grade complex mixed charge of Pb and Zn. Simultaneously recovered
    both Pb and Zn.
    • Overall thermal efficiency is higher and Zn is less expensive
    • Wide variety of furnace is available. Larger Capacity of furnace with low operational cost
    • Furnace is fully automated
    • Highly robust mechanism ie can withstand frequent shut down and start up

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