PRESENTATION

ON
“VIBRATION ISOLATION
AND
BASE EXCITATION”

DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY
(2161901)

SUBMITTED BY:
HIMANSHI GUPTA (140120119057)/ ME/A2
GUIDED BY:
PROF. SAMEER RAVAL

GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF
 INTRODUCTION
• Vibrations are produced in machines having
unbalanced masses or forces
• High vibration levels can cause machinery
failure, as well as objectionable noise levels
• A common source of objectionable noise in
buildings is the vibration of machines that are
mounted on floors or walls
 SOURCES OF EXAMPLES
VIBRATION
 Rotating and reciprocating Unbalance Pumps, Turbines, Electric Generators,
Compressors

Misalignment and wear of tools Manufacturing – machining 

 Seismic Vibrations Buildings, Bridges, Chimneys and

Cooling Towers

Wind (Pressure loading) Tall Structures

Small magnitude vibrations E.g. Sensitive systems like optical

Pedestal and vehicular traffic instruments, microscopes,
Nanofabrication 
Impact and shock loads Hammer and presses, in vehicles due
to bumpy/ irregular nature of road
 VIBRATION ISOLATION
• Vibration isolation is the process of isolating
an object, such as a piece of equipment, from
the source of vibration
• The effectiveness of isolation is expressed in
terms of force or motion
• Lesser the amount of force or motion
transmitted to the foundation greater is said to
be the isolation
 TYPES
 PASSIVE VIBRATION ISOLATION
• Refers to vibration isolation or mitigation of
vibrations by passive techniques such as rubber
pads or mechanical springs

 ACTIVE VIBRATION ISOLATION

• Also known as electronic force cancellation
• Employs electric power, sensors, actuators, and
control systems for vibration isolation
 OBJECTIVES
 The basic objectives of vibration isolation are:
• To protect the delicate machine from excessive
vibration transmitted to it from its supporting
structure
• To prevent vibratory forces generated by
machine from being transmitted to its
supporting structure
 MECHANISM OF
VIBRATIONS TRANSMISSION

SOURCE

PATH

RECEIVER
 VIBRATION ISOLATORS
• The vibration isolation may be obtained by
placing materials, called vibration isolators in
between the vibrating body and the supporting
foundation or structure
PASSIVE VIBRATION ISOLATORS

METALLIC
SPRING ISOLATION
PAD

ISOLATION HANGER PNEUMATIC ISOLATOR

ACTIVE VIBRATION ISOLATORS

FRAME MOUNTABLE
ACTIVE HARD-MOUNT
PIEZOELECTRIC
VIBRATION CONTROL
SYSTEM

ACTIVE VIBRATION
ISOLATION TABLE
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS WITH
VIBRATION ISOLATOR SELECTION
1) Machine Location :
• As far away from sensitive areas as possible
• And on as rigid a foundation as possible

2) Proper sizing of isolator units :

• Correct stiffness
• Sufficient travel to prevent bottoming out during shock loads, or
during system startup and shutdown

3) Location of isolators :
• Isolators should be equally loaded, and the machine should be
level
4) Stability :
• Sideways motion should be restrained with snubbers
• The diameter of the spring should also be greater than its compressed
height

5) Adjustment :
• Springs should have free travel, should not be fully compressed, nor
hitting a mechanical stop

6) Eliminate vibration short circuits :

• Any mechanical connection between machine and foundation which
bypasses the isolators, such as pipes, conduits, binding springs, poorly
adjusted snubbers or mechanical stops

7) Safe operation :
• To avoid a spring break, you must have mechanical supports on which
the machine can rest without tipping
VIBRATION ISOLATION MATERIALS

• The materials normally used for vibration

isolation are rubber, felt, cork, metallic
springs, etc.
• These are put between the foundation and the
vibrating body
RUBBER FELT

CORK METALLIC
SPRING
 BASE EXCITATION
• It models the behavior of a vibration isolation
system
• The base of the spring is given a prescribed
motion, causing the mass to vibrate
• This system can be used to model a vehicle
suspension system, or the earthquake response
of a structure
FBD OF SDOF BASE EXCITATION
SYSTEM

…(1)
  (1)

• For a car,

• The steady-state solution is just the superposition

of the two individual particular solutions
(system is linear)
PARTICULAR SOLUTION (SINE TERM)
• With a sine for the forcing function,
PARTICULAR SOLUTION (COS TERM)  
• With a cosine for the forcing function, we
showed
 MAGNITUDE X/Y
• Now add the sin and cos terms to get the magnitude
of the full particular solution
  EFFECT OF SPEED ON THE
AMPLITUDE OF CAR VIBRATION
Thank You 