INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Course Name : Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Course Code : AME017
Topic : Terminologies in Refrigeration
Presented by Aakanksha Srivastava Mech-A
Roll no: 17951A0301
 INTRODUCTION

Definition of Refrigeration

 The term refrigeration means cooling a space, substance or system to a

lower temperature or maintaining the temperature below ambient temperature.

 In refrigeration the energy in the form of heat is removed from a low-temperature

reservoir and is transferred to a high-temperature reservoir.

 The equipment employed to maintain the system at a lower temperature is

known as refrigerating system.

 The system which is kept at a lower temperature is called as refrigerated

system.
 Why

Refrigeration?
 Reason for Refrigeration

Reason for Refrigeration

 The basic idea behind refrigeration is to slow down the activity of bacteria so
that it takes longer for the bacteria to spoil the food.

 The fundamental reason for having a refrigerator is to keep food cold. Cold
temperatures help food stay fresh longer. 

For example : Preserving food and milk

 Types of Refrigeration

Refrigeration can either be done naturally or artificially.

Natural Refrigeration

It happens naturally with the help of natural refrigerants without the use of any artificial
agents. Natural refrigerants are natural substances which serve as refrigerants.

Examples of natural refrigerants : Carbon dioxide ,methane ,ethane ,ammonia ,dimethyl

ether ,methylamine , noble gases.

Artificial Refrigeration :

Maintaining the system cooler than the surrounding temperature is known as

artificial refrigeration.

Examples of artificial refrigerants : Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs),

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)
Applications of Refrigeration
 Terminologies in Refrigeration
Refrigerating Effect (N):

Refrigerating effect can be defined as the quantity of heat extracted from a cold body or
space to be cooled in a given time.

N = Heat extracted from the cold space

Time taken

Specific Heat of water and ice :

Specific heat is the quantity of heat required to raise or lower the temperature of one kg
of water (or ice), through one kelvin or (10 c) in one second.

Specific heat of water, Cp water = 4.19 kJ/kg K

Specific heat of ice, Cp ice = 2.1 kJ/kg K.
 Terminologies in Refrigeration

One ton of refrigeration

It is defined as, “the quantity of heat abstracted (refrigerating effect) to freeze one ton of
water into one ton of ice in a duration of 24 hours at 0 o c”.

Heat extracted at 0o c = latent heat of ice

Latent heat of ice = 336 kJ/kg
i.e., 336 kJ of heat should be extracted from one kg of water at 0 o C to convert it into ice.

One ton of refrigeration = 336x1000/24 KJ/ hrs.

= 336x1000 / 24x60 kJ/min

= 233.333 kJ/min

= 3.8889 kJ/sec
 Terminologies in Refrigeration

Co efficient of Performance: It is defined as the ratio of heat extracted in a

given time (refrigerating effect) to the work input.

Co efficient of performance = Heat extracted in evaporator / Work Input

Co efficient of performance = Refrigerating Effect / Work Input

Co efficient of performance = R / W

The COP is always greater than 1 and known as theoretical coefficient of performance.