MUHAMMAD AFIF NIZAMUDDIN BIN MOHD NOOR

DLM 4E
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
DEFINATION :

• International trade is exchange of capital, goods,

and services across international borders or
territories. In most countries, it represents a
significant share of gross domestic product (GDP).
While international trade has been present
throughout much of history, its economic, social,
and political importance has been on the rise in
recent centuries.
Relationship between logistics and
supply chain management
 Defination of logistics

Logistics is the work required to move and position

inventory throughout a supply chain. Logistics is the
process that creates value by timing and positioning
inventory. It is the combination of a firm’s order
management, inventory, transportation,
warehousing, material handling and packing as
integrated throughout a facility network.
 Defination of Supply Chain

Supply chain is consists of firms

collaborating to leverage strategic
positioning and to improve operating
efficiency.
 International Transportation
• It means, transport between points of
departure and destination situated in the
territory of two countries to at least one of which
the present Convention applies

• There is 4 modes of transportation which is

road, sea, rail, and air.
 Road Transportation

 Road transport means transportation of goods

and personnel from one place to the other on
roads. Road is a route between two
destinations, which has been either paved or
worked on to enable transportation by way of
motorised and non-motorised carriages.
 Sea Transportation

 Sea transport forwarding, also known as ocean

freight, is a very cost-effective solution for
transporting large quantities of goods that are
not time-sensitive.
 Any movement of goods and/or passengers
using seagoing vessels on voyages which are
undertaken wholly or partly at sea.
 Rail Transportation
 Rail transport is also known as train transport.
It is a means of transport, on vehicles which
run on tracks (rails or railroads). It is one of the
most important, commonly used and very cost
effective modes of commuting and goods
carriage over long, as well as, short distances
 Air Transportation
This type of shipping offers a number of
valuable advantages for international
moving. It is ideal for long distance, and as
it is the quickest method it also saves you
time for when moving over a long distance
 Trade Documents

• Global flows of goods are not possible without a

global flow of information. This must be
exchanged between various stakeholders,
including government authorities and transport
intermediaries. The information is provided and
exchanged in paper or electronic form, the so-
called trade documents.
 Point of origin

Location or station where a carrier receives

a shipment from a shipper for
transportation to the destination.
 PURCHASE ORDER
 A purchase order, is an
 A proforma invoice is a
official document issued by
a buyer committing to pay
the seller for the sale of
specific products or services
to be delivered in the future.
PROFORMA INVOICE
preliminary bill of sale that is
sent to the buyer before the
work is completed. It’s a
commitment to goods or
services that have yet to be
delivered.

WAYBILL

A waybill  is a document issued by a carrier giving details and

instructions relating to the shipment of a consignment of goods.
Typically it will show the names of the consignor and consignee, the
point of origin of the consignment, its destination, and route. 
 Port Seller

A port can be defined as a harbour or an

area that is able to provide shelter to
numerous boats and vessels (transferring
people or cargo), and can also allow
constant or periodic transaction of
shipment.
 Port Seller
BILL OF LADING
 A bill of lading is a legal
document issued by a
carrier to a shipper that
details the type, quantity
and destination of the
goods being carried. A bill
of lading also serves as
a shipment receipt when
the carrier delivers the
goods at a predetermined
destination.
SANITARY CERTIFICATE
 A certificate that is
issued by an authorized
governmental inspection
agency that confirms the
facility and/or cargo has
been inspected and
meets the minimum
sanitary requirements.
 Customs seller

Both the import and export of material goods.

Import and export were classically limited to the
transmission of physical goods across a legally
recognized international boundary,
 Warehouse

A warehouse is a building for storing goods.

Warehouses are used by manufacturers,
importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport
businesses, customs.
 Packing list

• A packing list is a document that includes details about the

contents of a package.

• The packing list is intended to let transport agencies,

government authorities, and customers know the contents of
the package.

• These details help each of these parties handle the package

accordingly.
 Customs seller
EXPORT DECLARATION COMMERCIAL INVOICE
 An export declaration is   Commercial invoice is
a form that is submitted a customs document. It
by an exporter at the is used as a customs
port of export. It declaration provided by
provides information the person or
about the goods being corporation that is
shipped, including type, exporting an item across
number, and value. international borders.
 Port buyer

Port of Unloading is a place where a vessel

unloads or discharges some or all of its
shipments. The shipments are, thereafter,
dispatched to their various consignees.
 Certificate of origin

A certificate of origin (CO) is a document

declaring in which country a commodity or
good was manufactured. The certificate of
origin contains information regarding the
product, its destination, and the country of
export
 Customs buyer

Customs is an authority or agency in a country

responsible for collecting tariffs and for
controlling the flow of goods, including animals,
transports, personal, and hazardous items, into
and out of a country.
 Carnet

 As the "Passport for goods", is an

international customs document that permits
the tax-free and duty-free temporary export and
import of nonperishable goods for up to one year.
It consists of unified Customs declaration forms
which are prepared ready to use at every border
crossing point.