VALVES

Oscar Mauricio Cala Camacho - 2152815

Iván Darío Nova Uribe - 2142795
Facilidades de Superficie
Grupo H1
2020-1
 SCHEDULE
1. VALVE DEFINITION.
2. VALVES FUNTIONS.
3. PARTS OF VALVE.
4. METHODS OF CONTROLLING FLOW
THROUGH VALVE.
5. VALVE TYPES.
6. CONTROL VALVE ACTUATORS.
7. CONCLUSION AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC.
 VALVE DEFINITION
They are mechanical devices that control flow and pressure within a system or process by either
closing, opening, or blocking various passages in a piping system.

https://9c6b22a193bc315e.en.made-in-china.com/product/ySWQxnkcYMYI/China-
Hot-Sale-API-High-Quality-FC-Slab-Gate-Valves.html
 VALVE FUNCTIONS
The valves serve various function within the piping
system

 Stopping and starting a fluid flow.

 Throttling the fluid flow
 Controlling the direction of a fluid flow 
 Regulating a flow or pressure within the piping system 
 Relieve pressure or vacuum from the piping system
and equipment 
 Pressure and vacuum relief valve safeguard the process
system from overpressure and during vacuum
condition.
http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/8208
 PARTS OF VALVE
1. Shutter
2. Spindle
3. Scat
4. Shaft packing
5. Closing joints
6. Body and Cap
7. Extremes
8. Union bolts
9. Drive
https://ingenieromarino.com/valvulas-a-bordo/
 METHODS OF CONTROLLING
FLOW THROUGH VALVE
LINEAR MOTION VALVES
• Use a closure member that moves in a straight
line to start, stop, or throttle the flow.
• It tend to be slower in operation, but they have
a higher level of accuracy and stability in the
position of the closure member.
• The most common example of linear motion
valves includes gate valves, globe valves, fixed
https://www.globalspec.com/pfdetail/valves/types
cone valves, needle valves, and pinch valves.
 METHODS OF CONTROLLING
FLOW THROUGH VALVE

ROTARY MOTION VALVES

Rotate a disc or ellipse about an angular or
circular shaft extending across the diameter of an
orifice
They are also known as quarter turn valves.
Their operation is much quicker than linear
motion valves.
https://ingenieromarino.com/valvulas-a-bordo/
 VALVE
TYPES
1. Plug valves
2. Ball valves
3. Butterfly valves
4. Gate valves
5. Needle valve
6. Globe valves
7. Check valves
8. Chokes

https://www.otacc.com/s6/portafolio/facilidades-de-superficie-en-oil-y-gas
 PLUG
VALVES

 Plug valves are similar to ball valves except

a cylinder with a more-or less rectangular
opening is used instead of a ball.

 Plug valves usually require lubrication on a

regular basis to seal.

 As with ball valves, plug valves are on/off

valves and should only be used infrequently
in throttling service.

https://www.flowserve.com/en/products/valves/plug-valves/non-lubricated-plug-valves/non-lubric
ated-plug-valves-g4
PLUG
VALVES
Rotational motion

Suitable for multi-port designs

Plug valves are simple and economical.

They are high capacity valves that can be used for directional
flow control, even in moderate vacuum systems.

They can safely and efficiently handle gas and liquid fuel.
PLUG
VALVES

Typically NOT for throttling.

Generally, their costs are much larger

than ball valves.

Because of high friction, first movement

(opening-closing) requires a large amount
of force.
 BALL
VALVES
 These valves get their name from a ball-
shaped disk, which is designed to control the
flow of liquids, gases, or vapors.

 Ball valves are limited in temperature by the

elastomer material used in their seats.

 These valves are the most common general-

purpose on/off valves in production facilities.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Esquema_valvula_de_bola.jpg
BALL
VALVES
Low maintenance costs.

Quick action on/off.

Does not require lubrication.

Maintains and regulates high volume, high pressure, and

high temp flow.

These valves are not limited to a particular fluid.

BALL
VALVES

Difficult to clean, leads to contamination.

Poor throttling characteristics.

Throttling leads to seat erosion.

 BUTTERFLY
VALVES
 These valves are relatively inexpensive, quarter-turn
valves.

 Except in low-pressure service, they should not be

used to provide a leak-tight seal, but they can be
used to throttle where a tight shut-off is not
required.

 Butterfly valves are particularly useful in as gas

throttling valves on the inlets of compressors.

https://www.obrasurbanas.es/valvulas-mariposa-pam-pamline-tv-youtube/
BUTTERFLY
VALVES
On/off as well as throttle/regulate

Easily/quickly operated

Good for large flow/low pressure applications

due to saving in weight/size/cost.

Good for slurries/suspended solids.

BUTTERFLY
VALVES
Difficult to clean.

Difficulty with slurries.

Throttling limited to low differential

pressure.

Unguided disc movement is affected by flow

turbulence.
 GATE VALVES

 Gates are harder to operate manual- ly than balls or plugs

as they take many turns of the handwheel to open or
close the valve.

 Gate valves are on/off valves and should never be used

for throttling .

 They make excellent high-pressure flowline and pipe

shut-in valves, but are not extensively used in normal
facility piping 12 in and smaller in diameter.

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lvula_de_compuerta
GATE
VALVES
No resistance to flow when open.

Little pressure drop.

Good sealing when closed.

Little/no leakage.
GATE
VALVES
Flow changes nonlinearly with stem travel.

Vibration/cavitation when partially open.

Subject to wear.

Repair work is difficult.

 NEEDLE
VALVES

 Needle valves are used in instrument systems for

throttling of small volumes.

 Needle valves have small passageways that may

plug easily and limit their use to very small flow
rates.

http://www.needlevalves.payalengineering.com/needle
NEEDLE
VALVES
Throttling and regulating flow.

Needle valves are used to control flow into

delicate gauges, which might be damaged by
sudden surges of fluid under pressure.

It does not require lubrication.

Hermetic seal.
NEEDLE VALVES

Needle valves should be avoided in

applications where the media is viscous, or
in the dispensation of slurries.

The small flow orifice can easily trap

thick materials or solids and become
blocked.

Relatively large pressure drop.

 GLOBE
VALVES
• The most common valve construction for
throttling service, and thus for automatic
control, is a globe valve.

• Globe valves are easy to automate with a

diaphragm operator.

• Because of the erosive action of the fluid

when the valve is throttling, they should not
be used for on/off service
https://tuvacol.com/valvulas/valvulas-de-globo/
GLOBE
VALVES
Throttling and regulating flow.

Less seat leakage than Gate Valve.

Can be used in high-pressure systems.

Can be fast-acting
GLOBE
VALVES
High head loss due to flow direction
changes.

Dynamics can create pulsation and

damage trim/packing/actuators.

Noisy in high pressure applications.

Valves can be very heavy/large in size

for a given application.
 CHECK
VALVES
 These valves are mainly designed to protect
mechanical equipment in a piping system by avoiding
reverse flow of the fluid.

 Check valves are mainly used in compressors and

pumps, where there is a huge backflow of fluid.

 The backflow may damage internal components of the

piping system. This causes unnecessary downtime and
may affect other parts of the plant, too.

https://www.indiamart.com/steam-line-valves/check-valve.htm
CHECK VALVES

Prevents backflow.

Maintains pressure.

Serves as backup system.

Most can be used horizontally as well as

vertically.
CHECK
VALVES

Can't be used with pulsating systems.

Closing element may slam close

causing damage and excessive wear.

The Valve can get stuck in open

position.
 CHOK
ES
Chokes are used to control flow where there is a
large pressure drop. Chokes are available in
several configurations for both fixed and
adjustable modes of operation.

 Adjustable chokes enable the fluid flow and

pressure parameters to be changed to suit
process or production requirements.
 Fixed chokes do not provide this flexibility,
although they are more resistant to erosion
under prolonged operation or production of
abrasive fluids.
https://es.jereh-oilfield.com/spain/products/Choke-Valve.shtm
 VALVES SELECTION & DESIGNATION

Courtesy of Paragon Engineering Services, Inc. Book, Surface Production Operations, vol. 2, pag. 439
 CONCLUSIO
NS
 The appropriate valve must be chosen, either by material or by the task to be performed.

It was observed that the valves fulfill different tasks, such as restricting the flow of the fluid or changing
the direction of movement.

Within each type there are numerous different design details that separate one valve manufacturer's valves
from the next.
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
 Arnold, K. Swewart M. (1989). Surface production operations. United States of America.
Gulf Publishing Company.

 HardHat Engineer. Different Types of Valves used in Piping – A Complete Guide of Pipe
Valves. Available in: https://hardhatengineer.com/different-types-valves-used-piping/

 Schlumberger. Choke. Available in:

https://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/c/choke.aspx

 http://wermac.org/valves/valves_general.html

 https://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/flow_control_flow_transfer/valves/ball_valves
THANK YOU!