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  • Local Anesthetic Classification: 1. Nitrogenous Compounds

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    Zakarie Abdullahi Hussein
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    Local anesthetics are classified into three main groups: 1) nitrogenous compounds like procaine and lidocaine which are esters or amides and have varying durations of action, 2) non-nitrogenous synthetic compounds like benzyl alcohol, and 3) miscellaneous drugs with local anesthetic properties like antihistamines and beta blockers. They work by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels to prevent nerve impulse conduction. Common side effects include lightheadedness and sedation from central nervous system effects or vasodilation from cardiovascular system effects. Local anesthetics are used for minor surgery, spinal or epidural anesthesia, autonomic nerve blockage, and postoperative pain relief.

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    Local, iv, inhalationals

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    Anesthetic drugs pptx

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    Local anesthetics are classified into three main groups: 1) nitrogenous compounds like procaine and lidocaine which are esters or amides and have varying durations of action, 2) non-nitrogenous synthetic compounds like benzyl alcohol, and 3) miscellaneous drugs with local anesthetic properties like antihistamines and beta blockers. They work by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels to prevent nerve impulse conduction. Common side effects include lightheadedness and sedation from central nervous system effects or vasodilation from cardiovascular system effects. Local anesthetics are used for minor surgery, spinal or epidural anesthesia, autonomic nerve blockage, and postoperative pain relief.

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    7 views4 pages

    Local Anesthetic Classification: 1. Nitrogenous Compounds

    Uploaded by

    Zakarie Abdullahi Hussein
    Local anesthetics are classified into three main groups: 1) nitrogenous compounds like procaine and lidocaine which are esters or amides and have varying durations of action, 2) non-nitrogenous synthetic compounds like benzyl alcohol, and 3) miscellaneous drugs with local anesthetic properties like antihistamines and beta blockers. They work by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels to prevent nerve impulse conduction. Common side effects include lightheadedness and sedation from central nervous system effects or vasodilation from cardiovascular system effects. Local anesthetics are used for minor surgery, spinal or epidural anesthesia, autonomic nerve blockage, and postoperative pain relief.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Local Anesthetic Classification

    1. Nitrogenous compounds:
    a) Esters
    - Short duration: Procaine (Prototype)
    - Medium duration: Cocaine (natural)
    - Longer duration: Tetracaine
    - Surface active: Benzocaine, cocaine
    b) Amides:
    - Medium duration: Lidocaine (Prototype)
    - Longer duration: Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine
    ……Classification
    2. Non-Nitrogenous Compounds
    (Synthetic)
    - Benzyl alcohol, Propanediol, Cyclohexanol
    3. Miscellaneous drugs with local anesthetic
    action:
    - Antihistamines: Diphenhydramine
    - Beta blockers: propranolol
    - Anti-Psychiatric: Chlorpromazine
    Mechanism of action
    • Local anesthetics block voltage dependent sodium
    channels, reducing the influx of sodium ions,
    preventing depolarization of the membrane
    (Membrane stabilizing effect) blocking the conduction
    and generation of impulses (Action potential).
    ADR
    • CNS: Light-headedness, sedation, restlessness and
    convulsion
    • CVS: all LA are vasodilators (Except Cocaine)
    • Other Toxic effects: Methemoglobinemia , cyanosis
    Uses
    • Minor surgical procedures
    • Spinal anesthesia
    • Autonomic blockage
    • Postoperative analgesia (slow epidural
    infusion)

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