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International Economics
International Economics
12 International Economics
Tenth Edition
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In this chapter:
1. Introduction
2. Some Data on International Capital Flows
3. Motives for International Capital Flows
4. Welfare Effects of International Capital Flows
5. Multinational Corporations
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1. Introduction
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1. Introduction
Portfolio Investments
Purely financial assets, such as bonds or less
than 10% of voting stock, denominated in a
national currency.
Take place primarily through financial
institutions such as banks and investment
funds.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1. Introduction
Direct Investments
Real investments in factories, capital goods,
land and inventories where both capital and
management are involved and the investor
retains control over use of invested capital.
Usually takes form of a firm starting a
subsidiary or taking control of another firm.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. Some Data on International Capital Flows
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. Some Data on International Capital Flows
Figure 1. Trend of East Asia’s Net Portfolio Investment in
the U.S. 2002-2012 (US$ million)
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Motives for International Capital Flows
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Motives for International Capital Flows
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Motives for International Capital Flows
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertical integration: offshoring
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Greenfield FDI vs. M&A
Greenfield FDI:
Set up a new company “from the ground up” in the
foreign country
Examples:
M&A:
Buying shares of an enterprise in another country.
Examples:
16
Figure 4. Trend of FDI outflows from all OECD
countries, 2001-2011
19
4. Welfare Effects of International
Capital Flows: Benefits of FDI
Resource Transfer
Stable source of foreign capital
Advanced technology
Advanced management skills
Creation of employment opportunities
True with greenfield FDI
Not so true with M&E
Stronger competition
Domestic market becomes more efficient with stronger competition among firms
21
5. Multinational Corporations
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5. Multinational Corporations
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5. Multinational Corporations
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5. Product Fragmentation and Foreign Outsourcing
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5. Product Fragmentation and Foreign Outsourcing
5. Product Fragmentation and Foreign Outsourcing
28
Figure 4: World trade in parts and components (P&C)
(Unit Billion US$)
25,000 100%
90%
20,000 80%
70%
15,000 60%
50%
10,000 40%
30%
5,000 20%
10%
0 0%
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Share of P&C in import manufactured world trade Share of P&C in China's import manufactured trade
Share of P&C in China's export manufactured trade