Review:

From the past lesson on the nature of teaching and

the elements of the teaching profession, it is clear that
the teacher is a licensed professional who possesses
dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as
technical and professional competence… he or she
adheres to, observes and practices and practices a set of
ethical and moral principles , standards and values.
The Teaching Profession
Sandra A. Casitas, BUCE
Historical and Legal Foundations of Teaching
in the Philippines
 The teaching profession had its beginnings and
movements in the different periods in our history.
For each period, contributions and changes have
occurred.
 Pre-Hispanic
No established formal
schooling
No preparation for teachers
Mothers, fathers and tribal
leaders served as teachers at
home and the community .
Spanish
By virtue of Educational
Decree of 1863, free
public school system was
established.
There was one school for
boys and another school for
girls in every municipality.
Spanish missionaries served
as teachers.
A Normal school was run by
the Jesuits to educate male
teachers in Manila.
Normal schools for women
were not established until
1875.
It was the Spaniards who
started training teachers in
normal schools. (Schools
were closed for a time by
Aguinaldo’s government).
American
In 1901, American soldiers
served as the first teachers.
The Philippine Commission
enacted into law Act 74 which
created the Department of
Public Instruction.
It laid the foundations of
public school system and
offered free primary education
for Filipinos.
Thomasites- 600 teachers were
brought to the Philippines
from USA.
The Americans gave bright
young Filipino students
(Pensionados) opportunity to
take up higher education in
American colleges and
universities financed by the
Philippine government.
Japanese
Military Order No.2 in 1942-
Japanese Educational Policies
The Philippine Executive
commission – Commission of
Education, Health and Public
Welfare and schools
reopened.
Oct.14,1943- the Japanese
sponsored Republic created
the Ministry of Education.
Tagalog, Philippine History,
and Character Education were
reserved for Filipinos.
Love for work and dignity of
labor was emphasized.
Feb. 27, 1945-the Department
of Instruction was made part
od the Department of Public
Instruction.
opened in June 1942.
The Spanish missionaries established schools
immediately after reaching the islands.

The Augustinians opened a The Franciscans, in 1577,

The immediately took the task of
school in Cebu in 1565


teaching improving literacy, aside

from the teaching of new industrial
and agricultural techniques.
Jesuits followed in 1581

The Dominicans started a

school in their first mission
in Bataan in 1587
 Paz Ramos, once Dean of UP College of Education, Diliman,
claims that the foundations of teacher education in the Philippines
were laid by the Spanish government during the mid-18th century.

In 1765- King Charles of Spain issued a Royal Decree

requiring every village to have a “maestro.”
in 1772 another Royal Decree specified the qualifications
of teachers. However, it was not until 1863 that there was
a specific attempt to systematize and update the education
of Filipino teachers.
 During the American period, the introduction of
the American system of education was considered
as the greatest contribution of American
colonization in the Philippines.
1902- a law was passed so that there is a high school
in every provincial capitol supported by the local
government.
1908- the University of the Philippines (UP) was

founded. It was the training ground for future leaders .

 Previously, Act 74 of 1901 also provided for the
establishment of Philippine Normal School (PNS) in
Manila which opened in Sept. 1901 as an institution
for the training of teachers.
For more than two decades, it offered a two-
year general secondary education program.
In 1928, it became a junior college offering a two-
year program to graduates of secondary schools.
 In 1949- the PNS, renamed Philippine Normal
College, offered the four-year Bachelor of
Science in Elementary Education. Other four
year teacher education courses followed after.
This means that the present four-year
preparation became four years only in 1949 and
thereafter.
 In 1976, Presidential Decree (PD) 1006-
Decree Professionalizing Teaching-the first legal
document that professionalized teaching issued
by then President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
It was to insure that in the immediacy and
urgency of teacher recruitment, qualitative
instruments are not overlooked…”
It was:
In recognition of the vital role of teachers
in nation building, and
an incentive to raise the morale of teachers.
It is imperative that they be considered as
professionals , and teaching be recognized
as a profession.
 Similarly, in 1994, RA 7836 (Philippine
Professionalization Act of 1994), was passed to
promote quality education by proper
supervision and regulation of the licensure
examination and professionalization of the
practice of the teaching profession (Sec. 2).
 From 1986 to the present,(EDCOM), Congress
passed Republic Act 7722 and Republic Act 7796 in
1994, creating the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED)and the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA).

The institute governing Basic Education was thus

renamed in 2001 as the Department of Education.
 The quality of public school education is generally considered to have declined since the post-war years, mainly due to
insufficient funds. The Department of Education aimed to address the major problems affecting public education in 2010.
Private schools are able to offer better facilities and education, but are also much more expensive. With a wide
variety of public schools, and with the economic difficulties, there has been an increase in the popularity of home
schooling and open universities in the Philippines.


Thank you!