Professional

Conduct and
Ethical
Standards
Subject Code: CS 104
Prepared By: John Patrick B. De Jesus Rcrim, MScrim

JPDJ
Ethics
and
Values
 What is Ethics?
derived from the Late Latin
“Ethnicus” from the Greek
“Ethikos” which means “national,
“gentle”, “customary” from
“Ethnos” which means “nations,
people; akin to Greek “ethos”
which means “custom”.
(Character).
Based on its etymological meaning, it
is taken to mean as a philosophical
science that deals with the morality of
human conduct or human acts
(Babor, Ethics, 2008)

 It Ethics is a branch
is practical of PHILOSOPHY
science of the
---the study of ideas about
morality of human conduct
knowledge, truth, the nature and
(Glenn,
meaningEthics).
of life, etc.
Ethics = theories of right or wrong
Morality = making theories into
action

Therefore, MORALITY is nothing

else but the DOING of ETHICS.
ETHICS
vs
LAW
ETHICS LAW
Study of human Concerned with what
motivation we do, not what we
Study of external feel
actions. It explores
thoughts and feelings Concerned with the
Requires that man externality of the act
desires that of which
is good and act in
accordance with that Requires that we
desire perform the required
action regardless of…
II. NATURE AND CONCEPT OF ETHICS
a. A division of Philosophy under the
Normative Philosophy (good or bad/ right
or wrong)
b. A Practical science ( systematized body
of data in relation to action)
c. Focus on Human Acts (material object
and acts w/c are determined by the free
will)
d. The science of the Morality of Human
Acts ( formal object is rectitude of human
acts)
HUMAN ACTS
vs
ACTS OF MAN
 HUMAN ACTS ACTS OF MAN
Actions performed by Actions which happen
man, knowingly and in a man
freely Instinctive and are
Deliberate or not within the control
intentional actions, or of the will
voluntary Biological and
Actions are the result physiological movements
of conscious in man such as
metabolism, respiration,
knowledge and are fear, anger, love and
subject to the control jealousy
of the will
“Ethics is what
makes us
HUMANS!”
DIVISIONS OF ETHICS

2 Major Divisions
1. GENERAL ETHICS
2. SPECIAL ETHICS
1. Professional Ethics
2. Police Ethics
PART 1

GENERAL ETHICS
-the study of the general
principles of morality
 HUMAN ACTS
- act which proceeds from the
deliberate free will of man.

- in wide sense, it means any sort

of activity, internal or external,
physical or spiritual, performed by
human being.

- limited to those human acts

which are proper to man as man
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN ACTS:

1. Human Acts in Relation to Free will

a. Elicited Acts – human acts that

are complete and begin in the
human will itself

b. Commanded Acts – done in

relation to the dictates of reason
and begin in the will but are
perfected by other faculties under
the control of the will
Human Acts in Relation to Reason:
HUMAN ACTS
 actions that are done knowingly, deliberately and
freely.
 presents the general principles of morality of
human acts
Element of Human Acts:
 1.Knowingly – when the person fully understands
what he is doing and has the capability to
appreciate toe consequences of his actions.
 2.Deliberately – when the person did his actions
intentionally
 3.Freely – the person performs his acts
voluntarily
MORALITY – the quality which
makes an act good or bad, good or
evil, right or wrong

Moral Distinctions:
1. moral – good, right
2. immoral – bad, wrong
3.amoral(indifferent) – neither
good or bad
 BASES OF MORALITY
1. SOCIAL NORMS – unwritten standard of
acceptable behavior in society

A. customs
B. traditions handling down from
C. culture generation to generation
of opinions and practices.

2) LAWS OF SOCIETY – written rules of behavior

3) RELIGION – a system of beliefs
and practices based on faith and
truths revealed to man by God

4)CONSCIENCE - the practical

judgment of reason telling us
what should be done and what
should be avoided; reflection in
one’s character
CHARACTER
 Refers to the traits of a person
shown through his thoughts,
actions, values and virtues

“Character is what you do when

nobody’s looking.” (anonymous)
VALUE/S
 referto anything that a person
considers important, such as ideas
or experiences
 theseare one’s beliefs, principles,
that are important, cherished,
upheld and defended
 affect
and influence how one thinks
and feel, shape one’s goals,
objectives and aspirations
Kinds of Values:
Biological Values – necessary for
survival such as the basic needs of
human and the physiological needs.
Psychological Values – Those that
are needed for the emotional
fulfillment of man, such as
relationships, companionships,
family, friendship, love, etc.
Intellectual Values – those that
are necessary for the
intellectual fulfillment of man,
such as achievements, career,
success etc.

Moral Values – those that are

needed for the spiritual
fulfillment of man.