Bill of Rights

BY: CARLO GABRIELLE S. CHAVEZ

1 BSIT - 5
Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every
person in the world, from birth until death. They apply regardless of
where you are from, what you believe or how you choose to live your life.
Human rights allow a person to live with dignity and in peace, away from
the abuses that can be inflicted by abusive institutions or individuals. But
the fact remains that there are rampant human rights violations around
the world
What laws or legal documents ensure the human
rights of Filipino citizens?

The rights of Filipinos can be found in Article III of the 1987

Philippine Constitution. Also called the Bill of Rights, it includes 22
sections which declare a Filipino citizen’s rights and privileges that the
Constitution has to protect, no matter what.
Meaning of the Bill of Rights

It refers to the declaration and enumeration of the fundamental civil and

political rights of a person with the primary purpose of safeguarding the
person from violations by the government, as well as by individuals and
group of individuals.
 CLASSES OF RIGHTS
THE RIGHTS THAT A CITIZEN OF A DEMOCRATIC STATE ENJOYS MAY BE
CLASSIFIED INTO:
NATURAL RIGHTS

They are those rights possessed by every citizen without being

granted by the State for they are given to man by God as a human being
created to his image so that may live a happy life.
Ex. Right to life and right to love.
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

They are those rights which are conferred and protected by the
Constitution. Since they are part of the fundamental law, they cannot be
modified or taken away by the law – making body.
Ex. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
STATUTORY RIGHTS
They are those rights which are provided by laws promulgated by the
law – making body and consequently may be abolished by the same body.
Ex. Right to receive minimum wage and right to inherit property.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
THE RIGHTS SECURED BY THE CONSTITUTION MAY BE CLASSIFIED AS
FOLLOWS:
POLITICAL RIGHTS
They are such rights of the citizens which give them the power to
participate directly or indirectly in the establishment or administration
of the government.
Ex. Right of Citizenship, Rights of Suffrage and the Right to Information
on Matters of Public Concern.
CIVIL RIGHTS
They are those rights which the law will enforce at the instance of
private individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of
their means of happiness.
Ex. Rights against Involuntary Servitude, Liberty of Abode, Freedom of
Speech of Expression or of the Press.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHT
They include those rights which are intended to insure the well –
being and economic security of the individual.
Ex. Right to Property, Right to just Compensation for Private Property
taken for Public Use.
RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED

They are the (civil) rights intended for the protection of a person
accused of any crime, like the right to presumption of innocence, right to
a speedy, impartial, and public trial and the right against cruel,
degrading or inhuman punishment.
SECTION 3: Right to Privacy of Communication and
Correspondence

(1) The privacy of communication and
correspondence shall be inviolable except
upon lawful order of the court, or when
public safety or order requires otherwise
as prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of
this or the preceding section shall be
inadmissible for any purpose in any
proceeding.
THIS SECTION COVERS:
• Letters
• Telephone Calls
• Messages
As a rule, the government cannot intrude into the privacy
of communication and correspondence. The exceptions
are:

a) when the court allows the intrusion, and

b) when public safety and order so demands.
Court – Authorized taps are allowed for the crimes
of:
“treason, espionage, provoking war and disloyalty in case of war, piracy,
mutiny in the high seas, rebellion, conspiracy and proposal to commit
rebellion, inciting rebellion, sedition, conspiracy to commit sedition,
kidnapping.”

Ex. Anti – Wiretapping Law

Anti – Wiretapping Law
1. Is a law which prohibits a person not authorized by all the parties to
any private communication, to wire tap or use any devise to secretly
overhear, intercept, record, or communicate the content of the said
communication to any person.
2. Wire tapping or the use of record may be permitted in civil or
criminal proceedings involving specified offenses principally affecting
national security, and only with previous authorization by the court
which must comply with the requirements of a warrant. The
authority is effective only for sixty days.
Exclusionary Rule
• Any evidence unlawfully obtained is inadmissible as evidence before
the courts. Any evidence obtained in violation of right to privacy of
communication or right to due process of law shall be inadmissible for
any purpose in any proceeding.
• The rule is also called Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine. The name
of the doctrine metaphorically describes what happens to an
“evidence” (fruit) taken through “unlawful means” (poisonous tree).
The evidence-fruit is discarded because it may infect or destroy the
integrity of the case and forfeit the purpose of the law.