International trends in nursing

Health needs of society

Awareness of health needs

Economic condition

New development
New knowledge &
procedures through
research

Specialization
Opportunities & education abroad

Increase Industrialization

Expansion of community health services

Government support to health

programs Increased private nursing

homes Necessary military services &

activity Development of nursing

research
1) CARE GIVER :-
 Care giving role

 The art & science of nursing

 Set the goals & meet them…

Co-ordinate
activities
with other
health team

Manage their
own time &
resources

Use critical
thinking
skills

Make
decisions &
consult to
professional
s
Maintain a safe environment

Prevent injury

Protect from adverse effects of treatment

measures
Protect clients human & legal rights

Be a supporter

Be a source of information
 Explore
feelings &
attitude about
wellness
Emotional,
Teach intellectual,
desired psychologica
behavior l support

Encourage
Therapeutic
towards
communicati
alternative
o n skills behavior
Recognize
choices &
sense of
control
 Explain the concepts & factors of health
 Demonstrates the procedures
 Use 4 components of teaching:-

- assessment
- planning
- implementation
- evaluation
A very crucial role….

Quality of communication is a critical factor

in meeting needs of client, family &
community…..
Many professions make up the team involved
in the care of the clients….

Nurse collaborates with other team members

when providing care to the clients.
A nurse can be a good collaborator
when:-
 knowledgeable
 good planner ( care)
 good communicator ( assessment)
o Facilitates the well being , academic
success & life long achievements of
students.
o School nurse develops programs that
fosters:
- Growth
- Positive skills for successful
coping
- Knowledge & skills for self
care
- Positive attitude
 Itsa specialty
practice that
provides for &
delivers health &
safety programs
and services to
workers, worker
population,&
community groups.
Also known as
 Congregational health minister
 Emergency Nurse
 Faith Community Nurse

Responds to health & wellness needs within

the population of faith communities
Are partners with the church in fulfilling
mission of health ministry
 Health
advocate

Liaison to
Health communty
educator resources &
referral
agent
 Is a registered
nurse specially
trained in
community
health.
 Works in
specific
geographic
areas.
 Has Knowledge
about resources
in her
 Care
manager

Referral Disaster
resource preparedness

Direct Controller of
primary
care giver communicabl
disease
Private duty nurse
is a registered
nurse or a licensed
practical nurse
who provide
nursing services to
patient at home
or any other
setting in
accordance with
physicians order.
• Not widely practiced because of very
high cost
• Restricted to wealthy patients
• Common for retired nurses & valuable
for their broad knowledge & experience
She is the one
who provides a
family centered
care and allows
client to live and
remain at home
with comfort,
independence &
dignity.
 Pain & Bereave-
symptom Spiritual Family ment
control care confernc care
 Nurse who specializes in assisting persons
with disabilities and chronic illness to
attain optimal function, health & adapt to
an altered life style.
 Patient
Move towards
education &
independence counseling

Work as part Prevent

of multi complicatns
disciplinary
team

Co-ordinate Maintain
patients
care function
 Also called as an “ INFECTION CONTROL
NURSE” , monitors standards & procedure
for control & prevention of infectious
diseases or nosocomial infections.
Survey for outbreak of
diseases
Education on control of
communicable diseases
Provide ongoing in-
service training
on infection
control
Consultation to staff
on
various incidents
Conduct research to
determine risk factors
leading to infections
 Also called army nurse / armed services
nurse
 Provides care to military personnel
 Attractive salaries
 Security benefits
 Experience is vast
 Professional opportunities for:-
- Personal development
- Continuing education
- Promotion
 EVALUATES &
REQUESTS
APPROPRIATE
CARE OF MEDICATION &
PATIENT EQUIPMENT
WITH
TRAUMA IN
FLIGHT

INITIATES EMERGENCY
CARE IN FLIGHT IN
ABSENCE OF
PHYSICIANS
 Carries out telephonic
communication with
patient , thus providing
response to medical
care / treatment.
 Offers telephonic:-
- Assessment
- Evaluation
- Referral / advise
 Provides access to health care for under-
serviced urban population & remote areas.

 Facilitates home care of chronically ill.

 It is the adaptation of professional
nursing skills in recognizing & meeting
the nursing, physical, emotional, social,
needs resulting from DISASTER.
 Is the one who is expected to
be acquainted with the
basics of forensic medicine
so as to handle & preserve
the evidentiary materials.
 Forensic nursing process
 Violence & victimology
 Injury identification,
interpretation & documentation
 Criminalities & forensic science
 Nursing & law / legal interface
Major impact of the development of fields
of forensic nursing is its emphasizing on
proper treatment of the victims of
violence.
• Is a registered nurse
who works in a
prison.
• Employed directly
by prison services
or can spend part of
their working week
in prison health
care.
Deliver high quality care within
custodial settings
Maintain safe & secure
environment
Improve mental health
& behavior or prisoners
Aims at helping Relief to needy
others from
neutral
& suffering,
standpoint. during disaster

Teaching home Teaching non-

nursing to lay
people. professionals
in hospitals

Giving direct
care to sick &
wounded.
They keep the athletes & sports
enthusiasts in optimum physical shape,
and treat injuries if they occur.
1)ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING:-
 Has a master’s degree in
nursing
 Certification & expertise in
specialized area of
practice
 Works in primary, acute &
restorative care settings.
SPECIALIZES IN AREAS SUCH
AS:-
Medical-surgical nursing

Psychiatry and mental health nursing

Pediatric nursing

Community health nursing

Gerontogic nursing
CAN SPECIALISE IN SPECIFIC
DISEASES:-
Diabetes mellitus

Cancer

Cardiac problem
CAN FUNCTION AS :-
 Expert clinician
 Direct care giver
 Educator
 Case manager
 Consultant
 Researcher
 Advanced training in
anesthesiology
 Provides anesthesia under
supervision of
anesthesiologist in various
settings.
PROVIDES INDEPENDENT CARE FOR WOMEN
DURING:-
Pregnancy

Labor
Delivery

Care of Newborn
Gynaecological services:-
PAP smears
Family planning
Treat minor vaginal
infections
 General nursing Medical surgical
practice nursing

Gerontologic Pediatric nursing

nursing

Perinatal nursing School of nursing

Community health
nursing Psychiatric nursing
 Mental health Continuing
nursing
education

Staff development Home health nursing

Provides care for clients in:
 Outpatient department
 Ambulatory care
 Community based setting
 Complex problems
 Holistic approach
 Comprehensive care
 Functions in collaboration with
health team members in hospital /
specialty clinics

 Management of selected patients

with acute & specialized health
care needs
• Provides primary care to adults
with chronic illness, also some
times tertiary care.
 Provides Primary ambulatory care for
families in collaboration with family
physician.
 Guides family & provides counseling


Provides care to infants & children
in hospital settings.
Provides care to women seeking
obstetrical / gynaecological conditions.
HELPS IN:
 Health promotion
 Prevention of illness
 Counseling
 Education on STD’s
 Family planning
 Trained to meet needs of aging adults
usually over 65 yrs.
 EMPHASISES ON :-
-Health promotion
-Health maintenance
-Functional status
-Promote independence
-Self care
Manages client care & specific
nursing services in the agency.
Begins with
positions In-charge
like:-

Nursing
Asst-nurse
manager
manager (specific area)

Asst-director Director of
nursing nursing
 Requires a doctorate degree or
a master’s degree in nursing.
 Investigates problems to improve
nursing care.
 Evaluates the effectiveness of nursing
tools, methods, & procedures.