TYPES and QUALITIES of

KNOWLEDGE
Prepared by:

dela Cruz, Ian Niel B.

Unit Earner, Northern Mindanao Colleges, Cabadbaran City, Agusan
del Norte
Types of Knowledge
Types of Knowledge

 Various types of knowledge are received and

processed through senses.

 Knowledge should be integrated between old and

new facts to maintain equilibrium.
Episodic Knowledge

 Refers to our biological memory reflecting not only

what happened, but also where and when it
happened.

 It means that the memories of our childhood days,

our first day in school or mobile number of our loved
ones are all examples of episodic knowledge.
Semantic Knowledge

 In contrast to episodic knowledge it deals with

memories and information that are not tied to our
personal biographies.

 The organized knowledge about facts, concepts and

generalizations including their associations form part
of our semantic knowledge.
Episodic VS Semantic
Types of Semantic Knowledge

 Declarative Knowledge

 deals with the statement of truth, and also deals with

what we know about the world.
Types of Semantic Knowledge

 Procedural Knowledge

 is the knowledge about how things are to be done.

Types of Semantic Knowledge

 Conditional Knowledge

 if the declarative knowledge accounts for knowing what

and procedural knowledge accounts for knowing how,
then conditional knowledge account for knowing when.
Types of Semantic Knowledge
Declarative Knowledge

 Declarative knowledge is organized according to various

levels:

 Description
 Time Elements
 Process
 Causal Relationship
* Episodes
* Generalizations
* Principles
* Concepts
The Legitimate Power of Knowledge

 Knowledge that is true and legitimate can be used

meaningfully and can work for our most honest
human endeavours.
 Dealing with its legitimate power equates with
understanding its process.

 Rational
 Empirical
 Pragmatic
Organization of Semantic Knowledge

 Learning task in classroom should be arranged

according to how these can be facilitated.

 Facts – specific bits of information that relate to

specific event, person, object or situation.

 Data – are things gathered through process of

research.
Organization of Semantic Knowledge

 Information – definite knowledge.

 Ideas – maybe suggestion, impression or opinion.

 Wisdom – gained through experience.

Concepts

 Concepts – basic units of thinking.

Qualities of Knowledge
Data, Information and Knowledge

 Data comprises facts, observations or perceptions.

 It may represent raw numbers or assertions.

 Information is a processed data.

 It s a subset of data, only including data that possess
context, relevance and purpose, and may involves
manipulation of raw data.
Data, Information and Knowledge

 Knowledge is at the highest level in a hierarchy with

information at the middle level, and data to be at the
lowest level.
 It is the richest, deepest and most valuable compared to
data and information
Data, Information and Knowledge
Characteristics of Knowledge
Characteristics of Knowledge: Explicit
and Tacit
Characteristics of Knowledge