ICTICT501 - Research and review

hardware technology options for

organisations
PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION

 This presentation is about the skills and knowledge required for:

 Determine organisational needs
 Research vendors, suppliers and ICT industry specialists
 Evaluate and report on hardware technology options
CHAPTER 1: COMPARE THE BUSINESS WITH
COMPETITOR BUSINESSES

 This chapter will help you learn about the following:

 Investigate information on business markets, customers and
methods of doing business
 Analyse and compare the current market for the business and the
customer base with typical business markets and customers
 Analyse and contrast current business relationships, business
processes and methods of doing business with e-facilitated
businesses
System Hardware Requirements

Commercial software will have the hardware requirements stated in the

paperwork. The users may have certain hardware requirements dictated to
them that will have to be met

In-house programs, it may be more difficult to determine the hardware

needed until the program specifications are complete.
 Technology and Organizational Structure

1.1 Establish organisational

needs and selection criteria
for new technology

Businesses organize themselves to best achieve their goals and

accomplish all their necessary tasks. To ensure an organizational
structure is truly viable, it has to take into account the
technologically-related operations, infrastructure and functions.
 Organizational Design

Security Concerns
Organizational
Structure
Multiple Systems

Divisions
Technology's
Impact on Collaboration
Impact on and
Broaden
Improved
Operating
Outsourcing
Customer
Increased
Costs
Communication
Bases
Productivity

Organisations
Relationship Between technology and organisational

1 2
A traditional model gets a “facelift”- the most A perfect storm develops - The ideal is to create
positive impacts of technology on organizations is an operational environment where humans focus
the opportunity to “optimize risk and not just on ideas, innovation and change while everything
minimize risk. that is executed more than once is automated
 Technology improves New innovations
Technology increases
business' protect important
efficiency.
communication. assets.

With technology,
Employees demand Technology keeps
Organisation it.
there are no
limitation
employees engaged.

needs for
Tons of new

technology
Technology increases
resources exist that Technology is
the capacity of
can improve your necessary to succeed.
businesses.
business.

Technology saves
time and money
 Business Issues: Financial Case and long-term company viability.

Factors Customer Capability: customer experience with product, Expectations,

Internal politics

effecting
vendor Marketplace Variables: product or technology reputation,
maturity/stability, restrictions, market trends and viability of products or
reputation technology over the long-term

Vendor Capability Variables: vendor profile, reputation, certification,

stability, availability
1.2 Review strategic goals and determine future
requirements

 Strategic Objectives or goals - are long-term

organizational goals that help to convert a
mission statement from a broad vision into
more specific plans and projects. They set
the major benchmarks for success and are
designed to be measurable, specific and
realistic translations of the mission statement
that can be used by management to guide
decision-making
Components of an IT strategic plan

Mission SWOT
IT budget
statement analysis
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Big data to Machine learning Artificial The sudden use Edge computing The Internet of Cybersecurity,
power intelligence of blockchain things (IoT first and
foremost

Future technology trends for businesses

1.3 Assess
physical
infrastructure
and financial
parameters Physical Infrastructure - Infrastructure is the
foundation or framework that supports a system or
organization. In computing, information technology
Infrastructure may be centralized within a data
center, or it may be decentralized and spread across
several data centers that are either controlled by the

against infrastructure is composed of physical and virtual

resources that support the flow, storage, processing
and analysis of data.
organization or by a third party, such as a colocation
facility or cloud provider.

strategic goals
 IMMUTABLE COMPOSABLE DYNAMIC CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTUR INFRASTRUCTUR INFRASTRUCTUR INFRASTRUCTUR

Types of E E E E

infrastructures

CONTACT- CLOUD DARK

CENTER INFRASTRUCTUR INFRASTRUCTUR
INFRASTRUCTUR E E
E
 Financial
Liquidity
Leverage
Financial Ratios
Ratios
parameters to
analyse the
businesses Profitability
ratios
Efficiency
ratios
CHAPTER 2. RESEARCH VENDORS,
SUPPLIERS AND ICT INDUSTRY SPECIALISTS

 This chapter will help you learn about the

following:
 Determine suitable suppliers and vendors
 Source information from suppliers and
vendors
 Assess vendor information against industry
standards
 Review emerging standards and applications
for compatibility with supplier and vendor
information
 Vendors are a part of the supply chain: the network of
2.1

all the individuals, organizations, resources, activities
and technology involved in the creation and sale of a
DETERMINE product, from the delivery of source materials from the
supplier to the manufacturer, through to its eventual
SUITABLE delivery to the end user.

SUPPLIERS
AND
VENDORS
 Vendor selection

Risk assessment

Stages of vendor
relationship Contract negotiation

management
Onboarding

Managing performance and monitoring/mitigating risk

Vendor Management Systems

Vendor Management System (VMS), which is a computer program that distributes job
requirements to staffing companies, recruiters, consulting companies and other vendors.
It helps with hiring, the interview process and the payment process.

Another tool is called a Contracted Service Management (CSM) system, which works
with the software of large manufacturing facilities to capture real-time data between
vendors and clients. This collaborative effort helps simplify the timekeeping process and
improves project cost visibility.
 Establish Establish Business Goals

Choose Choose the Best Vendor

Vendor
Management
Process Manage Manage Vendors

Meet Consistently Meet Goals

Key factors to consider when choosing
supplier

Large vs small
Price Reliability Stability
suppliers

Supplier Check the

Location
groups supplier
 Every organisation maintains a list of vendors, trade group-wise whom
they approach for their need of materials. This list is under constant
review. Unsatisfactory suppliers are eliminated and new suppliers are
added to enhance competition.
2.2 Source
information
from suppliers
and vendors Also new suppliers have to be found for newer materials required on
ever expanding business. How does one obtain information regarding
potential suppliers? An important function of the purchase research
section will be to obtain this information from the following sources
and keep a classified record for reference when necessary.
 Step 1: Identify Supplier Selection Criteria

Step 2: Determine Supplier Selection Constraints

Critical Steps Step 3: Develop the Hierarchy of Constraints & Criteria

of Effective Step 4: Weight Your Constraints & Criteria

Supplier
Step 5: Develop A Scoring Scheme
Selection
Step 6: Analyse Proposals

Step 7: Apply Common Sense

2.3 Assess vendor information against industry
standards

 Analyse the Business Requirements - The

first task that the vendor selection team
needs accomplish is to define, in writing, the
product, material or service that you are
searching for a vendor. Next, define the
technical and business requirements. Also,
define the vendor requirements. Finally,
publish your document to the areas relevant
to this vendor selection process and seek
their input.
Vendor selection

1 2 3 4 5 6

Preliminary review of Record business Assign importance Assign a performance Calculate a total Select the winning
all vendor proposals requirements and value for each value for each performance score vendor
vendor requirements requirement requirement
2.4 Review emerging standards and applications for
compatibility with supplier and vendor information

 Standard - A definition or format that has been approved by a recognized

standards organization or is accepted as a de facto standard by the industry.
Standards exist for programming languages, operating systems, data formats,
communications protocols, and electrical interfaces.
Methods for developing standard

Ad hoc method - a group of interested people and De Facto Standard - A single vendor controls a large
organizations agree on a standard specification. It is enough share of the market to make its product the
informal and are mutually agreed on by the market standard. An example of this type would be
participating groups. Microsoft.

Consensus Standard - A format, language, or

protocol that has been approved by formalized
Government Mandate Method - A government
committees that are open to participation by all
agency creates a standard and legislates its use. The
interested parties and operate on a consensus basis.
CMS's UB92 insurance claim form is an example.
Most health care standards are produced this way.
An example is HL7.
Hardware Standards

Hardware standards are rules and/or definitions that specify hardware requirements that are necessary for
an intended purpose. Most often hardware standards are developed by and for organizations, groups,
businesses and universities.

These standards help to assure that the components (hardware) are interchangeable and compatible with
the software. Some of the issues that hardware standards address include the amount of memory needed,
will there be need to network, who will back up the information, how will failed hardware be replaced,
what type of security will be needed.
Software Standards

 Standards are extremely important in the computer industry because they allow
the combination of products from different manufacturers to create a customized
system. Without standards, only hardware and software from the same company
could be used together. In addition, standard user interfaces can make it much
easier to learn how to use new applications.
Principles for regulating emerging
standards/technologies
Adaptive
regulation

Collaborative Regulatory
regulation sandboxes

Risk-weighted Outcome-based
regulation regulation
CHAPTER 3. EVALUATE AND REPORT ON
HARDWARE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

 This chapter will help you learn about the

following:
 Review and test hardware to identify
suitability for organisational requirements
 Identify possible project risks associated
with identified hardware
 Document findings in a report and present to
appropriate person
3.1 Review and test hardware to identify
suitability for organisational requirements

Testing Cabling infrastructure - Cable is the medium through which information usually moves
from one network device to another. There are several types of cable which are commonly
used with LANs. In some cases, a network will utilize only one type of cable, other networks
will use a variety of cable types.

The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size.
Understanding the characteristics of different types of cable and how they relate to other
aspects of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network.
 A modem can generally
refer to either cable or
A LAN is wired A WLAN is a wireless
ADSL modems. Dial-up
connection. connection.
modems are mostly
obsolete.

A router combines the

Basic Internet
An IP address is usually
splitting power of a
ISP refers to the company represented with a numeric
network hub with the
that provides you access to series of numbers separated
ability to protect you with a
the Internet (e.g. Shaw, with dots (e.g. 192.168.1.1)

Terminology
hardware firewall. Your
Telus, etc.). and will vary by ISP and
connection may be hard
by router brand.
wired or wireless.

A (web) browser is a
program used to view web
pages on the Internet.
There are many browsers.
 Troubleshooting Steps

Check the network icon (or Check for changes to proxy Check the network cables if Reset your router. Check your firewall or Check your browser or
wireless connection settings. your computer is wired to security software. email software.
settings) to see if you have the router.
Internet access.
 Check the Wireless Settings

Check the Proxy Settings

Check the
Network
Browser Proxy Settings

Check the Cables

 Step 1 Replace your modem if more than 3 years old

Step 2 Reboot your Modem and Router at least once per week

Testing of
modems
Step 3 Check for Modem Firmware Upgrades Regularly

Upgrade to a Fibre, Cable (HFC), Wireless or Bonded-DSL

Step 4 connection.
 Check the physical Verify that you can
connections. log on.

Testing the Verify that the

Check the network
Computer configuration.
computers can ping
each other.
Network

Testing the servers

Plan Schedule Management

DEFINE SEQUENCE ESTIMATE DEVELOP

ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
DURATIONS
Factors to consider when purchasing the computer
equipment

QUALITY PRICE SERVICE AFTER THE

SALE
 Projects risks: variations in locating and obtaining
hardware influenced by changes in:

3.2 Identify
scope
possible project
risks time
associated with
identified cost

hardware
quality
 Evaluating Hardware Acquisition, Installation, and
Maintenance - A significant part of the information
architecture is the computing hardware. These systems
include the following:
3.3 Document
findings in a
report and present Processing components

to appropriate
person
Input/output components
Processing components

 The central processing unit (CPU). The CPU contains the electrical/electronic
components that control or direct all operations in the computer system. A
majority of devices within the information architecture are CPUs
(supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputer, microcomputer, laptops, and
PDAs).
Input/output components

 The I/O components are used to pass

instructions or information to the computer
and to generate output from the computer.
These types of devices include the keyboard,
the mouse (input), and monitors/terminal
displays.
Computing Attributes

MULTITASKING MULTIPROCESSIN MULTITHREADING

G
 1 2 3
Hardware Problem log review Hardware availability
performance- and performance
monitoring plan reports

Capacity planning and procedures

Thanks
Any questions?