Composite functions

MARYAM MOZAYAN
CHINICA MADURKAR
MODITA JAIN
KANISHK JENA
PARTHVI SACHAN
WHAT ARE COMPOSITE
FUNCTIONS
I. The term "composition of functions" refers to the combining of
two or more functions in a manner where the output from one
function becomes the input for the next function.
II. Mathematically speaking, the range (the y-values) of one
function becomes the domain
(the x-values) of the next function.
III. In mathematics, a function is like a machine. It performs a set
of operations on an input in order to produce an output.
Therefore, a composition of functions occurs when the output,
or result, of one function becomes the input of another function.
IV. The notation used for composition is: fog and is read as
"f composed with g of x"
or " f of g of x".
ORDER
 The letters f (g(x)) tell you to start with the
function g (always start with the function in the
innermost parentheses).
 The order in which we compose functions makes a
big difference to the result, because f(g(x)) = g(f(x))
does not always stand true. 
 Composition can also be defined for 3 or more
functions, for example:f(g(h(x)))
 where, we start solving from the innermost
parentheses i.e. h followed by g and finally by f.
REAL LIFE EXAMPLE

 Think of an industrial plant that produce

bottles of water; first there is the operation
(or function) f1that puts the water inside the
bottle, followed by the operation f2 that
close the bottle with the cap.
 Clearly, f2 can be performed only on results
of f1.That is composite function for you.
APPLICATIONS
First example of Algorithms: You have a list,
compose by a head (an element) and a tail (a
list). A composition of functions could return
the second element of the list, let's say, L:
Head(Tail(L)) Also known as nested loop
A weekly salary is a composite function of
hourly pay rate and the number of hours worked
Functions are also used in designing and
creatives
EXPRESSING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
Function Composition" is applying one function to the
results of another.
(g º f)(x) = g(f(x)), first apply f() to x, then apply g() to f(x).

f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2
(g º f)(x) = g(f(x))
Starting with innermost parenthesis i.e.
Put x as input in f(x)
We get f(x)= (2x+3)
Next put f(x) as input in g(x)
We get gof= (2x+3)2
(f º g)(x)= f(g(x))
Starting with innermost parenthesis
Put x as input in g(x)
We get g(x)= x2
Next put g(x) as input in f(x)
We get(f º g)(x) = 2x2+3

Let f (x) =5x - 1 and g (x) = 3x2.

 f o f (x)
f(x)=5x – 1
f(f(x))= 5 [ 5x - 1 ] - 1
f o f (x) = 25x -6
g o f (x) = 3 [ 5x - 1 ]2
g o f (x) = 3 [ 25x2 -10x + 1]
g o f (x) = 75x2 - 30x + 3

f o g(x) = 5 [ 3x2 ] - 1
f o g(x) = 15x2 - 1

f o g(x) = 15x2 - 1
f o g(0) = 15[0]2 - 1
f o g(0) = - 1
 DOMAIN

The set of all input values of a function

the domain of a composite function such as f

o g is dependent on the domain of g and the
domain of f. The domain of f composed
with g is the set of all x such that x is in the
domain of g and g(x) is in the domain of f.
HOW TO FIND THE DOMAIN OF
TWO GIVEN FUNCTIONS, f o g AND
gof:

Find the domain of g.

Find the domain of f.
Find those inputs, x, in the domain of g for
which g(x) is in the domain of f. That is, exclude
those inputs, x, from the domain of g for
which g(x) is not in the domain of f. The
resulting set is the domain of f o g.
EXAMPLE:
 RANGE
The set of all output values of a function
EXAMPLE 1
Domain and range
EXAMPLE 2
Composition
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