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Research Methodology: For Medical Students
Research Methodology: For Medical Students
Research Methodology: For Medical Students
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Research methodology…..
Learning objectives:
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Benefits of Engaging Medical Students in Health
Research:
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SUCCESSFUL
PROJECT
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searching and critically appraising the
medical literature.
independent continued learning.
writing research papers.
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What is research?
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Steps of conducting a health research:
A. Prioritizing and selecting a research topic- research
questions.
B. Review of literature and other existing information
C. Development of a research proposal
D. Implementation of study:
i. Data collection
ii. Data processing and analysis
iii. Interpretation of results
iv. Final report writing
v. Presenting the results: Scientific
publication, presentation at meetings,
seminars, workshops or conferences, and
presentation for administrators and policy-
makers
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A. Prioritizing and selecting a research topic
Criteria for selecting a research topic:
1. Relevance: The topic you choose should be a priority
problem.
2. Avoidance of duplication: it is important that you find out
whether the suggested topic has been investigated before,
If the topic has been researched, the results should be
reviewed to explore whether major questions that deserve
further investigation remain unanswered. If not, another
topic should be chosen.
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B. Literature review
Why is it important to review already available
information when preparing for a research?
It prevents you from duplicating work that has been
done before.
It helps you to find out what others have learned and
reported on the problem you want to study. This may
assist you in refining your statement of the problem.
It helps you to become more familiar with the various
research methods that might be used in your study.
It should provide you with convincing arguments for
why your particular research project is needed.
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C. Development of a research proposal
Contents
I. Title of the research
II. Introduction: Background information and
Statement of the research problem
(Scientific justification for the study)
III. Research objectives
IV. Research hypothesis
V. Methodology
VI. Work plan
VII. Plan for utilization and dissemination of
research results
VIII. References
IX. Annexes
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I. Title of the research
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II. Introduction (Background information and
Statement of the research problem)
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III. Research objectives
Research objectives are the goal to be achieved by a
research.
- Why should research objectives be developed? The
formulation of objectives will help you to:
1. Focus the study (narrowing it down to essentials)
2. Avoid the collection of data which are not strictly
necessary for understanding and solving the problem you
have identified
3. Organize the study in clearly defined parts or phases
- Properly formulated, specific objectives will facilitate the
development of your research methodology and will help
to orient the collection, analysis, interpretation and
utilization of data.
- How should you state your objectives?
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IV. Research hypothesis
A hypothesis can be defined as a prediction or
explanation of the relationship between one or more
independent variables (PREDISPOSING/RISK FACTORS)
and one dependent variable
(OUTCOME/CONDITION/DISEASE)). A hypothesis, in
other words, translates the problem statement into a
precise, clear prediction of expected outcomes. It must
be emphasized that hypotheses are not meant to be
haphazard guesses, but should reflect the depth of
knowledge, imagination and experience of the
investigator. Therefore, in the process of formulating
hypotheses, all variables relevant to the study should be
identified.
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V. Methodology
This section summarizes the most important points of
the research design including:
- It should include:
1. The various tasks to be performed
2. When the tasks will be performed
3. Who will perform the tasks
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VII. Plan for utilization and dissemination of research
results
- The proposal should indicate what reports or other
means of disseminating research findings are
planned.
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IX. Annexes
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D. Final Report Writing
Main components of a research report:
I. Title or cover page
II. Abstract
III. Introduction
IV. Objectives
V. Methodology
VI. Research results (findings)
VII. Discussion
VIII. Conclusions
IX. Recommendations
X. References
XI. Annexes or appendices (data collection
tools, tables)
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I. TITLE OR COVER PAGE
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II. ABSTRACT (SUMMARY)
It should contain:
- a very brief description of the problem (WHAT)
- the main objectives (WHY)
- the place of study (WHERE)
- the type of study and methods used (HOW)
- major findings and conclusions
- the major recommendations
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III. INTRODUCTION
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IV. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
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V. METHODOLOGY
The methodology you followed for the collection of
your data should be described in detail.
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VII. DISCUSSION
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IX. RECOMMENDATIONS
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X. REFERENCES
-References should be written in 'Vancouver style'.
-Citing References
1. Number references consecutively throughout the body
of the text in the order in which they are first mentioned.
2. DO NOT include references in your abstract. Identify
references in text, tables and legends by numerals in
parenthesis e.g. (1), (2,3) or (3-6).
3. Some journals require references to be indicated in
superscript which makes typing more difficult.
4. DO NOT use abstracts as your source of information,
you must consult the full text of the article before using it
as a cited reference.
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XI. ANNEXES OR APPENDICES
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Clinical and biochemical evaluation
of anemia amongst students of IMS.
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Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea
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Perception of medical students for
utility of mobile technology use in
medical education
The lessons learned from this study are-majority of the
students use Smartphone mainly for communication, learning,
and entertainment purpose. With increasing use of portable
devices by students, it is logical to expect the next step to
incorporate these devices in the learning environment and
should, therefore, be appropriately considered for curriculum .
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Ebola virus: Awareness about the
disease and personal protective
measures among junior doctors of a
tertiary hospital in Bangalore
The knowledge of junior doctors was sub-optimal and
despite the stress on universal work precautions, not
all felt the need to follow them for this disease which
has such a high case fatality rate.
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Association of body mass index
with perceived stress in male
students
Therefore, it is suggested that students reported a higher
level of perceived stress may be due to academic and peer
pressure. This emphasizes the need for measure to be
taken to control obesity in young undergraduates to control
the stress and anxiety.
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Int jour of clin and expt physiology , 2015, vol2,
issue 4.
Waist circumference is an
important predictor of pulmonary
functions in medical students
There is a significant deteriorating effect of
smoking on lung function on lung age. WC
appears to be a better predictor of pulmonary
function and lung age than BMI in normal weight
young adults.
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Prolonged use of mosquito coil,
mats, and liquidators: A review of
its health implications
Mosquito coils are burnt indoors and outdoors in India to control mosquitoes. Human beings
get exposed to a chemically complex mosquito coil smoke containing small particles (<1 μm),
metal fumes, and vapors that may reach the alveolar region of the lung. Coils consist of an
insecticide/repellant, organic fillers, binders, and additives such as synergists, dyes, and
fungicide. Thus, the smoke contains pollutants of health concern. The concentrations of
pollutants resulting from burning mosquito coils may exceed health-based air quality
standards and have ill effect on health. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the health
implications due to burning of mosquito coil, mats, and heating of mosquito refill
liquidators .
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Int jour of medicine and public health
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Morning Blood Pressure vs Evening
blood pressure in students
Evaluated for Hypertension
Nice project to initiate
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http://www.gjmedph.org/uploads/o5-
vo2no4.pdf
• An assessment of communication skills of the
students of institute of medicine Bangalore .
• This base line study of MD/MS residents shows that
over all MD/MS residents are deficient in almost all
the components of interpersonal communication
skills. A communication skills training course in
postgraduate medical education could improve the
existing communication skills of the doctors in
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Thanks for watching. Be successful
drpatki@gmail.com
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Couples take part in a competition during a mass wedding \
Competition succeeds
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