21st Century Literature

from the Philippines and the World

Class
Sir Martin Gonzales
 Hi!
How is everyone doing?
 Prepare these prior
to the class session:
• Make sure to make your environment conducive for
learning.
• Choose a strong internet connection spot in your
homes.
• Stay in an area with less to no background noise to
avoid disturbances during the lecture.
• Keep your learning materials (notebooks, pens,
modules and etc.) close to you.
• Attend classes with an EAGER MIND TO LEARN.
 Class Rules
• When joining Synchronous lectures, make sure to
turn your microphones off, if you are in a noisy
environment, to avoid noise disturbances.
• During classes, you are required to turn your
cameras ON, for me to monitor the class efficiently.
• When raising questions, you are free to send them
via message. After the discussion, we will have a Q
and A portion to clarify your queries.
• We will be using “reactions” in our chosen app to
show interaction.
 21 Century Literature
st

from the Philippines and the

World
 Literature
“writings in prose or
These are

verse, having excellence in

form or expression and
expressing ideas of permanent
and universal interest.”
-Merriam Webster’s Dictionary
 Module 1:
OUR LITERARY
HERITAGE
 Lesson 1:
By Word of Mouth
Oral Literature during the Pre-colonial Era
were mostly Folklore.

Proverbs or sayings
Myths or Legendary accounts
Riddles
Fables
Songs
Literary forms were expressed in
various tongues.
According to Ethnologue, “a
total of
182 native languages are
spoken in the nation and four
languages have been
classified as extinct: Dicamay
Agta, Katabaga, Tayabas Ayta
 and Villaviciosa Agta.”
Literary forms were expressed in
various tongues.
There are 4 indigenous languages with
approximately 9 million or more native
speakers:
•Tagalog
•Cebuano
•Ilocano
•Hiligaynon
and 10 with 1 million to 3 million native
speakers:
•Waray
•Bikol
•Kapampangan
•Pangasinan
•Maranao
•Tausug
•Maguindanao
•Chavacano
•Karay-a
•Surigaonon
 Proverbs
or
Salawikain
 Do not do unto your fellow men what
you do not wish is done to you.

Proverbs Ang masama sa iyo, huwag mong gawin

sa kapwa mo.
-Tagalog

are short meaty sayings

prescribing norms of Saan mo aramiden iti padam a tao ti di
ca cayat a maaramid kenca.
behavior and are often -Ilocano

truisms.
Con ano ang guinbuhat mo, Amo man
ang buhaton sa imo.
-Ilonggo
 Daig ng maagap ang masipag.

A stitch in time saves nine.

Proverbs
can have multiple Do not put off for tomorrow what
you can do today.
western translations.

The early bird catches the early

worm.
 Ibagam no sino ti caduam, ta
ibagac no sinno ca.

Proverbs Tell me who you companions are,

and I’ll tell you who you are.
can have multiple
western translations.
Birds with the same feather, flock
together.
 Proverbs
for these wise sayings to be
easily remembered, they
must not only be
meaningful in content but
they must create impact
through the way they are
worded.
 making sense of
Proverbs
Putusan mo man a amo sa
Wrap a monkey in gold; he
bulawan, amo man giraray Looks do not make a man.
will stay a monkey yet
-Bikol
English Translation English Proverb

Makikilala sa gawa, ang

A man is known by his By their fruits, you shall
totohanang dakila.
acts. know them.
-Tagalog
 Quick Check!
State how these words taken from our sample proverbs are related in
meaning. R if the words in each pair relate to each other, S for if they
are synonyms, and A if they are antonyms.

1. Bird- Feather
2. Bird - Worm
3. Same - Like
4. Put-off - Can do
5. Today - Tomorrow
Riddles
or
Bugtong

Riddles
are a type of literary output
which call for the audience
to guess the thing being
described.
Taas ug puti nga A tall white lady,
babaye, nag kaon sa
iyang lawas.
eating her own
-Visayan body.
Haan nga tau, haan nga
hayup, agtedtedted ti
Not human nor
animal, yet tears
luwa na.
-Ilocano flow from its eyes.
Sinni pano y tadday Who can that
nga babay, kanan na
baggi na a maguroray. lovely lady be, who
-Ibanag eats her own body?

Riddles
can be more of a problem-
solving type which call not
so much to guess what is
referred to, but indicate the
possible outcome of a given
set of conditions.
Adapted from Elma Herradura’s
translation in Clavel, “The Oral Literature
of Capiz”
The sea is wrapped
by the earth,
The earth is covered
The one sent to fetch
someone,
by bone,
Has not yet returned,
The bone is covered
but the one fetched,
by hair,
has already arrived.
The hair is covered
by skin.
 Adapted from Elma Herradura’s
translation in Clavel, “The Oral Literature
of Capiz”

RiddlesParallelism
can be more of a problem-
The sea is wrapped
by the earth,
The earth is covered
The one sent to fetch
someone,
by bone,
solving type which call not Has not yet returned,
Refers to the
so much to guess what is similarity in
The bone the wording but
is covered of the
theone
lines.
fetched,
referred to, but indicate the by hair,
has already arrived.
possible outcome of a given The hair is covered
set of conditions. by skin.
 Ania iti pinarsua What thing that
iti Dios a balin God made sleeps
suec a maturog? with its head down?

Riddle Saquey so torutoro

duaray quepay-
quepay a patiray
One pointing, two
moving, four
changing.
Check!
mansobsoblay.

Tinugtog co ang
I rang the banca and
bangca nagsilapit the fishes came.
ang isda.
Thank you for Listening!!!