ID E

G U
S IC
B A I N G
’S U S Y
JC N IA R
O IL
U X S
A R B
V E
 WHICH AUXILIARY???

D
SHOUL
O D
AM HA
HAD
V
E
 There are three basic options:

There is NO There is a There IS an

auxiliary verb in verb TO BE auxiliary verb
your sentence. in your in your
sentence. sentence.
 1- There is NO auxiliary verb
in your sentence
• Is the verb in the present simple?
• YES
• Use the auxiliary DO or DOES
• He likes dancing.
• He doesn’t like dancing.
• Does he like dancing?
• He likes dancing, doesn’t he?
• He likes dancing. So do I. I do, too.
• I don’t.
 1- There is NO auxiliary verb
in your sentence
• Is the verb in the past simple?
• YES
• Use the auxiliary DID.
• We ate an apple.
• We didn’t eat an apple.
• Did we eat an apple?
• We ate an apple, didn’t we?
• We ate an apple. So did I. I did, too.
• I didn’t.
 2 - There is a verb TO BE
in your sentence
Is the verb in the present simple?
YES
Use the auxiliary AM, IS or ARE
They are spies.
They aren’t spies.
Are they spies?
They are spies , aren’t they?
They are spies. So are we I. We are too.
We are not.
 2 -There is a verb TO BE
in your sentence
Is the verb in the past simple?
YES
Use the auxiliary WAS or WERE
I was alone.
I wasn’t alone.
Was I alone?
I was alone, wasn’t I?
I was alone. So was I. I was, too.
I was not.
3- There is an auxiliary verb in
your sentence
USE IT!
It has finished.
It hasn’t finished.
Has it finished?
It has finished, hasn’t it?
It has finished. So have I.
I have, too.
I haven’t.
3- There is an auxiliary verb in
your sentence
USE IT!
You can read it.
You can’t read it.
Can you read it?
You can read it, can’t you?
You can read it. So can I.
I can, too.
I can’t.
 SUMMAR If there is NO
SUMMAR
Y Y
auxiliary verb in
If there is an your sentence, use
auxiliary verb in DO, DOES or DID
OK (depending on the
your sentence, use
that auxiliary. ! tense of your
sentence).
If there is a verb
MODAL VERBS
AUXILIARY
TO BE in your PERMISSION: May, Can. Could.
VERBS sentence, Can’t
SIMPLE TENSES – OBLIGATION: Must, Have to
DO, DOES, DID + BASE
use the auxiliary POSSIBILITY: May, Might, Could
CONTINUOUS TENSES AM, IS or ARE. ABILITY: Can, Be able to
– AM, IS , ARE + ING ADVICE: Should, Ought to
PERFECT TENSES: DEDUCTION: Must, May, Can.
HAVE, HAS, HAD + P.P. Can’t, Could
FUTURE TENSES
WILL + BASE