-IDA LOUISE DAVID

-LAMES FARHAN
Diseases and Conditions
of the Skeletal System
 TUMORS
• May be Malignant or benign and cause a
range of bone defects
 Gigantism
• Abnormally increased
body size due to
excessive growth of
the epiphyseal plates.

Dwarfism
• Abnormally small
body size due to
improper growth at
the epiphyseal plates
 Oseteogenesis Imperfecta
• Brittle bones that fracture easily due to
insufficient or abnormal collagen.
 Osteomyelitis
• Bone inflammation often due to a bacterial
infection that may lead to complete
destruction of the bone.
 Tuberculosis
• Typically, a lung bacterium that can also
affect bone
 Osteomalacia
• Softening of adult bones due to calcium
depletion; often caused by Vitamin D
deficiency
 Osteoporosis
• means "porous bones."
• bones have lost minerals (especially
calcium) making them weak, brittle, and
susceptible to fractures
• most common places where fractures occur
are the back, hips, and wrists.
 Scoliosis

• abnormal curvature of the spine.

• one or more abnormal
• More girls than boys have severe scoliosis.
 Kyphosis
• spine may develop a hump.
• can occur as a result of developmental
problems or degenerative diseases
 Lordosis
• A curvature of the vertebrae in the lower
back area, giving a "swayback" appearance.
 Rickets
• softening and weakening of bones in
children
• usually because of an extreme and
prolonged vitamin D deficiency.
 Acromegaly
• occurs when the body produces too much of
the hormones that control growth.
• tissues grow larger than normal.
• excessive growth can cause serious disease
and even premature death.
 Spina Bifida
• birth defect that involves the incomplete
development of the spinal cord or its
coverings.
• spina bifida literally means "split" or "open"
spine.
• The condition usually is detected before a
baby is born and treated right away.
 Talipes Equinovarus-
“Clubfoot”
• deformity of the whole foot that is present at birth.
• the child is born with the foot pointing down and
twisted inwards at the ankle.
 Sarcoma
• Osteosarcoma
• most common type of bone cancer. most
commonly found in children and
adolescents
 Myeloma
• cancer in which abnormal cells collect in
the bone marrow and form tumors
 Leukemia
• cancer of the blood cells
• starts in the bone marrow where blood cells
are
• the bone marrow starts to make a lot of
abnormal white blood cells, called leukemia
cells.
• leukemia cells don't do the work of normal
WBC’s and they don't stop growing when
they should.
Bone Marrow Biopsy