University of Adrar

         Faculty of Science and Technology

Department of Mathematic and Computer Science

WIMAX technology
Presented By: Professor:
Dr. OMARI Mohammed
ZAKARIA Soulaf
FEROUHAT Siham
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WIMAX
1 Introduction
2 What is WiMAX?
3 Wimax Standard History
4 Types of WiMAX
5
How WiMAX works
6 Wimax Network Architecture
3
1 System Model
2 WIMAX protocol stack
3 WIMAX - Security Functions
4 Objectif of WIMAX
5 Advantages & disadvantages
6
WIMAX vs auther technologies
4
Introduction

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 Introduction

The main problems with broadband access are that it is pretty expensive

& it doesn’t reach all areas.

The main problem with WIFI is that hot spots are very small, so

coverage is sparse.

Due to these problems we are using advance technology called WIMAX

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What is WiMAX?
 What is WiMAX?

WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access.

A fourth generation (4G) technology

 WiMAX is technically also known as “IEEE 802.16”

WiMAX is a wireless communications standard designed for creating Metropolitan Are

Networks(MANs).

A Broadband Wireless Access(BWA) technique offering fast broadband connection.

It involves microwaves for the transfer of data wirelessly

 Wimax Standard History

IEEE 802.16 (2001) IEEE 802.16e (2005)

• Frequency 10 – 66 GHZ (Line- •Mobile Wimax
of-Sight) • Data Rate 15 Mbps
•Base Wimax
IEEE 802.16d (July 2004) IEEE 802.16m (2011 )
•Fixed Wimax •Mobile & Fix Wimax

•Data Rate 70 Mbps • Data Rate 100 Mbps for Mobil

e and 1 Gbps for Fix 6
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Type of WiMAX

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 Type of WiMAX (1)

FIXED WIMAX
Wireless access application in which the location of the end- user
termination and the network access point to be connected to the
end-user are fixed
 Type of WiMAX (2)

MOBILE WIMAX:
Mobile WIMAX implementations can be used to deliver both fixed
& mobile services It offers superior building penetration and impro
ved security.

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 How WIMAX works?

WiMAX system typically consists of:

 WiMAX Tower:

High powered base station, with large range and connection to Internet
(ISP), It is similar in concept to a cell-phone tower .

can provide coverage to a very large area – as big as 3,000 square miles
(~8,000 square km).
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 How WIMAX works?

 WiMAX Receiver:

One or more end-user roaming nodes or another WiMAX tower

The receiver and antenna could be asmall box or PCMCIA card,or they
could be built into a laptop the wayWiFi access is today.

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 How WIMAX works?

Two Modes of Communication:

 LOS (Line Of Sight):
Line-of-sight (LOS) is a condition where a signal travels over the air directly
from a wireless transmitter to a wireless receiver without passing
an obstruction.
 LOS is an ideal condition for a wireless transmission because the propagatio
n challenge only comes from weather or atmospheric parameters and the char
acteristic of its operating frequency.
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 How WIMAX works?

NLOS (No Line-of-sight):

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) is a condition where a signal from a wireless
transmitter passes several obstructions before arriving at a wireless
receiver. The signal may be reflected, refracted, diffracted, absorbed or
scattered. These create multiple signals that will arrive at a receiver at different ti
mes, from different paths, and with different strength.

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Wimax Network Architecture

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 Wimax Network Architecture

Remote or Mobile stations:  These are the user equipments that may be mobile or fixe
d and may be located in the premises of the user.

Access Service Network (ASN ):   This is the area of the WiMAX network that forms
the radio access network at the edge and it comprises one or more base stations and o
ne or more ASN gateways.

Base Station (BS) : The base-station forms an essential element of the WiMAX netw
ork. It is responsible for providing the air interface to the subscriber and mobile stati
ons
 Wimax Network Architecture

ASN Gateway (ASN-GW): The ASN gateway within the WiMAX network archite
cture typically acts as a layer 2 traffic aggregation point within the overall ASN.

Connectivity Service Network (CSN):   This part of the WiMAX network provides t
he IP connectivity and all the IP core network functions. It is what may be termed t
he core network in cellular parlance.

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System Model

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 System Model

IEEE 802.16 supports two modes of operation: PTP and PMP.

Point-to-point (PTP)

The PTP link refers to a dedicated link that connects only two nodes: BS and subscr
iber terminal. It utilizes resources in an inefficient way and substantially causes hig
h operation costs. It is usually only used to serve high-value customers who need ext
remely high bandwidth, such as business high-rises, video postproduction houses, or
scientific research organizations.
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 System Model

Point-to-multipoint (PMP):

The PMP topology, where a group of subscriber terminals are connected to a BS

separately , is a better choice for users who do not need to use the entire bandwidth.
Under PMP topology, sectoral antennas with highly directional parabolic dishes (ea
ch dish refers to a sector) are used for frequency reuse. The available bandwidth no
w is shared between a group of users, and the cost for each subscriber is reduced.

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WIMAX protocol stack
Accepting
Deals withhigher
privacy andprotocol
layer
Encoding/decoding of signals
security.
data units (PDUs) from the higher
Connection establishment
Bit transmission/reception
The security sublayer provides
Layer
 Connection maintenance
converts MAC layer frames
subscribers
Performing with privacy orof
classification
Connection-oriented protocol
into signals to be transmitted
confidentiality
higher across the
layer PDUs.
across the air interface.
broadband wireless network.

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WIMAX - Security Functions
 WIMAX - Security Functions

Security is handled by a privacy sublayer within the WiMAX MAC. The key aspects
of WiMAX security are as follow:
Support for privacy:
User data is encrypted using cryptographic schemes.

WiMAX uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to produce cipher text.

The cipher text is then transmitted over the wireless network and cannot be underst
ood by an eavesdropper.
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 WIMAX - Security Functions

Device/user authentication:
WiMAX provides a flexible means for authenticating users to prevent unaut
horized use.
Support for fast handover:

A three-way handshake scheme is supported to optimize the reauthentication

mechanisms for supporting fast handovers.

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Objectif of WIMAX
 Objectif of WIMAX

Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots with each other and to other parts of the internet.

 Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for last km broadband access.

Providing a high-speed mobile data and telecommunications services (4G).

Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity as a part of business continuity

plan.

Providing Nomadic (mobile) connectivity.

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Advantages & disadvantage
 Advantages of WIMAX

Long Range: Perhaps the most significant advantage of WiMAX over other

wireless technologies is the range it provides (up to 30 miles this is enough to

cover a medium size city).

Higher Bandwidth: Before WiMAX, the existing wireless technologies have v

arious issues that are mostly related to the bandwidth.

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 Advantages of WIMAX

Coverage : The single station of Wimax can operate and provide cover
age for hundred of users at a time and manage sending and receiving of

data at very high speed with full of network security.

Security : Security options of Wimax Technology also offer very high security
because of encryption system used by Wimax.
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 Disadvantages of WIMAX

•A Line of sight is required in order to make a wireless data communication connect

ion extending over 6 miles or more. Means it is needed for more distant connections.

•Bandwidth is shared among users in a given radio sector. If there are many users in
one sector, they will have lower speed.

• Bad weather conditions such as rain could interrupt the signal.

•Other wireless equipment could cause interference.

•WiMAX is a very power-consuming. 35

A comparison of WIMAX & authe
r technologies
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 conclusion
Within five years, we expect WiMAX to be the dominant techno
logy for wireless networking. By that time it will be fully mobile,
as well as providing low- cost, fixed broadband access that will o
pen up regions where internet access has no far not been practic
al.

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Thank you
Any question ?

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