The Rules for Indices: Multiplication

index 3 index 4
base 5

5 3 3 4
base 3
Consider the following:
3 2 x 3 3 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 35 (base 3)
24 x 2 3 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 2 7 (base 2)
53 x 5 2 x 5 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 5 6 (base 5)

For multiplication of numbers in the same base you? add the indices

Generalising gives: Multiplication Rule am x an = am+n

Write the following as a single exponent:
23 x 2 5 32 x 35 46 x 4 4 53 x 51 63 x 63 83 x 89 27 x 22
28 37 410 54 66 812 29
 The Rules for Indices Division
Consider the following:

3x 3x 3x 3x 3 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4
35  32   33 47  43   44
3x 3 4x 4x 4
2x 2 x 2 x 2
2 4  23   21
2x 2x 2

For division of numbers in the same base you? subtract the indices

Generalising gives: Division Rule am  an = am-n

Using this convention for indices means that:
5 x 5x 5 x 5 3x 3 x 3x 3 1
54  54   1  50 34  36    3 2
5 x 5x 5x 5
and
3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3 32
7x 7x 7
73  73   1  70 6x 6x 6 1
7 x 7x 7 63  67   4  6 4
6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6 6
Generalising gives:
1
In general: a = 1 0
Negative Index Rule a n

an
 Multiplication Rule am x an = am+n
a0 = 1
Division Rule am  an = am-n
Negative Index Rule a-n = 1/an

Write the following as a single exponent and evaluate

25  2 2 2 6  22 23  23 36  36 2 3  24 3 5  36 4 7  49
23 24 20 30 2-1 3-1 4-2
8 16 1 1 1/2 1/3 1/16

Write the following fractions in index form.

1 1 1 1 1 Write the following as fractional powers.

4 5 6 7 8 4 2 52 6 3 7 2 81
4 1 51 6 1 7 1 81 1 1 1 1 1
4 2 52 63 72 81
 Write the following as a single exponent and evaluate:
22 x 2-3 34 x 3-6 4-4 x 42 5 2  55 6 3  65 8 7  89 2 4  28
2-1 3-2 4-2 5-3 6-2 8-2 2-4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
 2
 2
 3
 2
 2
 4

2 2 3 9 4 16 5 125 6 36 8 64 2 16

Write the following as a single exponent and evaluate:

2-3 x 2-2 3-1 x 3-2 4-4 x 43 2-3  22 7-1  7-1 43  4-1
2-5 3-3 4-1 2-5 70 = 1 44 = 256
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5
 3
 1
 5

2 32 3 27 4 4 2 32
 The Rules for Indices: Powers

Consider the following:

(32)3 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 36 (base 3)
(24)2 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 28 (base 2)
(53)3 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 59 (base 5)

To raise an indexed number to a given power you? multiply the indices

Generalising gives: Power Rule (am)n = amn

Write the following as a single exponent:
(22)3 (32)2 (43)4 (53)2 (6-3)2 (8-2)2 (27)-2
26 34 412 56 6-6 8-4 2-14
 Indices in Expressions

Simplify each of the

1 following:y2 x y3 y5
2 2y2 x 3y4 6y6 Raise the number
3 5p2 x 3p3 x 2p 30p6 to the given power
and multiply the
4 8k3 x 2k-4 x 3k2 48k indices.
5 ab2 x a2b3 x a2b4 a5b9
6 2a3b2 x 3ab4 x 2a2b2 12a6b8
7 (2pq2)2 = 2pq2 x 2pq2 = 4p2q4
8 (3a2b3)2 = 3a2b3 x 3a2b3 = 9a4b6
9 (5m2n3)2 = 5m2n3 x 5m2n3 = 25m4n6
10 (2pq2)3 = 2pq2 x 2pq2 x 2pq2 = 8p3q6
11 (3a2b3)4 = 81a8b12
12 (2m2n3)5 = 32m10n15
Simplify the following:
5 43 3 43
15 p 15 p 3p 3
1  5p 3 4 
1
3p 1 2
10 p1 2
3 3 42
42
2
18 p 5
18 p 3p 2
 3p 2 
1
6p 1
2
12
2
p12
2

4
4
54 54
3 24m 6 24m 4m 4
 4m 4

1 6m 1 318m 1 3
Write the following as a power of 2
8 x 16
4 2
(2 ) x (2 )
3 4
2 x2
4 2
2 12 8 20
  5 6  11 2
9

2 x4
5 3
2 x (2 )
5 2 3
2 x2 2
Write the following as a power of 3
9 x 27
2 3
(3 ) x (3 )
2 2 3 3
3 x3 4 9
3 13

   8  35
81x 34
34 x 34 38 3

Write the following as a power of 5

5 x 125
7 3
57 x (53 )3 5 x5 7
516 9
 2 2 4  4 4  58

25 x 5
2 4
(5 ) x 5 5 x5 5 8