GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

SYSTEM (GIS)

PRESENTED BY:-

AVNISH KUMAR CHAUHAN

MBA – ‘A’
10/PMB/021
 GIS – SOME DEFINITIONS

 GIS may include manual systems, however, it usually

refers to a computerised database system for capture,
storage, retrieval, analysis and display of spatial data.

 GIS is capable of assisting the storage, retrieval and

manipulation of spatially referenced data such as street
address or a census tract .

 GIS is most useful when used to perform data

analysis
 GIS – SOME DEFINITIONS (cont..)

 A geographic information system (GIS) captures,

stores, analyses, manages, and presents data that is
linked to location.

 Is a computer based information system used to

represent and analyse the geographic features present
on the Earth surface and the events taking place on it.
 THE HISTORY

 First developed in North America, particularly

the U.S. and Canada in the mid-1960s

 Previously been used in natural resources and

environmental research
 THE NEED FOR GIS

 The possibilities are unlimited…

• Environmental impact assessment
• Resource management
• Land use planning
• Tax Mapping
• Water and Sanitation Mapping
• Transportation routing
and more ...
 USES OF GIS
GIS can be used by any business that utilises geographical
information.

For example:
 exploration and mining companies use GIS information to find out
prospective areas for exploration and mining and also to analyse the
orebody.
 power companies use GIS to monitor and analyse the electricity load on
the grid network for a particular area
 retail trade companies using GIS to determine the best location for a
new outlet.
 transportation companies use GIS to help determine the best route for
delivering there good at less time.
 GIS data is nowadays also used on the Internet for giving an graphical
representation of the users querying.
 COMPONENTS OF A GIS SYSTEM

 HARDWARE
 SOFTWARE
 DATA
 PEOPLE
 METHODS
 HOW GIS WORKS

 GIS data has a spatial/geographic reference

 This might be a reference that describes a

feature on the earth using:
 a latitude & longitude
 a national coordinate system
 an address
 a district
 a wetland identifier
 a road name
 FACTORS AIDING THE RISE OF GIS

 Revolution in Information Technology.

•Computer Technology.
•Remote Sensing.
•Global Positioning System.
 Communication Technology.
 Rapidly declining cost of Computer Hardware, and at the same
time, exponential growth of operational speed of computers.
 Enhanced functionality of software and their user-friendliness.
 Visualizing impact of GIS corroborating the Chinese proverb "a
picture is worth a thousand words."
 Geographical feature and data describing it are part of our
everyday lives & most of our everyday decisions are influenced by
some facet of Geography.
 PHILOSOPHY OF GIS

The proliferation of GIS is explained by its unique ability to assimilate data from
widely divergent sources, to analyse trends over time, and to spatially evaluate
impacts caused by development.

For an experienced analyst, GIS is an extension one's own analytical thinking.

The system has no in-built solutions for any spatial problems; it depends upon
the analyst.

The importance of different factors of GIS in decreasing order is as under:

 Spatial Analysis
 Database
 Software
 Hardware
 ADVANTAGES OF GIS

Planning of project
Make better decisions
Visual Analysis
Improve Organizational
Integration