Interpreting and Balancing

Chemical Equation
Different types of Chemical Equation
• Combination reaction
• Decomposition reaction
• Single – displacement reaction
• Double – displacement reaction
Rules in Balancing
• Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation using the correct
formulas for all reactants and products
• Step 2: Add the appropriate coefficients to balance the
numbers of atom of each element. If a polyatomic ion
appears on both sides of the equation, it is treated as a
single unit.
• Step 3: Check the equation to make sure the numbers
and kinds of atoms on both sides of the equation are the
same.
• Step 4: Make sure the numbers are reduced to their
lowest whole number values
Problem 1
• Solid calcium carbonate is heated and
decomposes to solid calcium oxide
and carbon dioxide gas

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

Problem 2
• In a precipitation reaction, sodium
hydroxide solution is mixed with iron(II)
chloride solution. Sodium Chloride
solution and insoluble iron(II)
hydroxide are produced.

NaOH + FeCl2 → NaCl + Fe(OH)2

Problem 3
• Gaseous butane, C4H10, reacts with
diatomic oxygen gas to yield gaseous
carbon dioxide and water vapor

C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Problem 4
• Ammonium nitrate decomposes
explosively to form nitrogen, oxygen,
and water vapor.

NH4NO3 → N2 + O2 +H2O
Problem 5
• Phosphorous reacts with oxygen gas
to produce diphosphorous pentoxide.

P + O2 → P2O5
Problem 6
• Zinc hydroxide reacts with phosphoric
acid to produce zinc phosphate and
water.

Zn(OH)2 + H3PO4 → Zn3(PO4)2 + H2O

Problem 7
• Solid potassium chlorate decomposes
to form solid potassium chloride and
oxygen gas

KClO3 → KCl + O2
Problem 8
• The decomposition of solid barium
nitrate leads to the formation of solid
barium oxide, nitrogen gas, and
oxygen gas.

Ba(NO3)2 → BaO + N2 + O2
Problem 9
• Lead(II) nitrate reacts with sodium
iodide to create lead (II) iodide and
sodium nitrate.

Pb(NO3)2 + NaI → PbI2 + NaNO3

Problem 10
• Aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid
and potassium hydroxide react to
produce aqueous potassium
dihydrogen phosphate and liquid
water.
H3PO4 + KOH → KH2PO4 + H2O
 Mole Concept:
Problem Solving
 Conversion of Mole
• 1 mole = Avogadro’s number = 6.02 x 1023
• 1 mole = Molar mass (g/mol)
• 1 mole = Volume at STP = 22.4L
Sample Problem
••  
How many molecules of Magnesium
are there in 2.35 moles Magnesium?

2.35 mole Mg x
Problem 1
••  
How
many Sodium atoms are there in
0.120 mol Sodium?

.120 mol Na x

= 7.22 x 1022 atoms Na

Problem 2
••  
Howmany moles of potassium are in
1.25 x 1021 atoms potassium?

1.25x 1021 atoms K x

2.08 x 10-3 mol K

Problem 3
••  
What is the mass of 1.33 moles of
titanium?

1.33 mol Ti x
= 63.84 g Ti
Problem 4
••  
Howmany ions are there in 1.75 mol
of K2SO4?

1.75 mol K2SO4 x

= 1.05 x 1024 ions K2SO4
Problem 5
•  
• How many moles of aspirin, C9H8O4,
are in 500 mg tablet?

0.500 g C9H8O4 x
= 2.78 x 10-3 mol C9H8O4
Problem 6
••  
Whatis the mass of 2.55 × 1023 atoms
of lead?

2.55 x 1023 atoms Pb x

= 87. 68 g Pb
Problem 7
••  
How many Oxygen molecules are
present in 0.470 g of oxygen gas?

0.470 g O2 x
= 8.84 x 10 21 molecules O2
Problem 8
••  
Whatis the mass of 3.36 L of ozone
gas at STP?

3.36 L O3 x
= 7.2 g O3
Problem 8
••  
How
many molecules of hydrogen gas
occupy 0.500 L at STP?

0.500 L H2 x x
= 1.34 x 1022 molecules H2
Problem 9
•  
• Iron (II) sulfate, FeSO4, is used in
clinical treatment of iron – deficiency
anemia. How many moles of FeSO4
are in a standard 300 mg tablet?
0.3 g FeSO4 x
= 1.97 x 10-3 mol FeSO4
Problem 10
•  
• Dichloromethane,
CH2Cl2, is a solvent
used to decaffeinate coffee beans.
How grams are there in 3. 75 mols of
CH2Cl2?
3.75 mol CH2Cl2 x
= 352.5 g CH2Cl2