DEDUCTIVE &

INDUCTIVE STATISTICS
Math Tutorials by Mwendalubi
DEFINITION
• Inductive and deductive reasoning both strive to
construct a valid argument. Therefore, inductive
reasoning moves from specific instances/trends
into a generalized conclusion, while deductive
reasoning moves from generalized principles that
are known to be true to a true and specific
conclusion.
DEDUCTIVE VS INDUCTIVE
DEDUCTIVE VS INDUCTIVE
EXAMPLE 1
• Think about this real world problem:
• To estimate the population of a town in upcoming years, one of the town workers
collected populations from past years and made this table:
• The town wants to estimate the population for 2015, 2018 and 2020. To do this,
will you be using deductive or inductive reasoning? Because you are estimating
and using facts therefore you are using Inductive reasoning
YEAR POPULATION
1950 7403
1960 7958
1970 8377
1980 8775
1990 9323
2000 9794
2010 10281
DEDUCTIVE
•
REASONING
• Hiram solved the equation 5 + = x + 7 using the following steps:
 
• =x+7–5
• = x + 2……….. =
• = x + 2………square both sides
• = ………..expand
• x + 14 = …………move x + 14 to right hand side
• – (x + 14) = 0

• (x + 5) (x – 2) = 0
• x = -5 or x = 2………substitute x values in original equation and select the x value that makes 5 + = x +
7
• ⸫ x = 2 (true), x = -5 (false)
EXAMPLE 2
•  
Use deductive reasoning and the distributive property to justify . Provide the
reasoning for each step.

• = x(x + y) + y (x + y)
• =
• =
INDUCTIVE REASONING
•  Jill looked at the following sequence:
• 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, …..
• She saw that the numbers were each one less than a square number and
conjectured that the number would be - 1
• Did Jill use inductive reasoning? Explain
• Yes she used inductive reasoning because she conjectured meaning she just
assumed that the number would be one less than a square number.
EXAMPLE 3
•  What is the number of the following sequence
• 6, 9, 12, 15, …..
• We see the pattern that 3 is been added to the next term, therefore we are going
to conjecture that the formula is 3n + 3
• ⸫ number = 3n + 3
• = 3(5) + 3
• = 15 + 3
• = 18
HAPPY STUDYING!