PINEAL

GLAND
Acevedo, Lee Carl D.
Balan, Mark Andre J.
Chua, Carlo T.
Lunar, Jacqueline Marie N.
Magnabihon, Michael Lorenz M.
WHAT IS
PINEAL GLAND?
The pineal gland, conarium, or epiphysis cerebri, is a small
endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates. The pineal
gland produces melatonin, a serotonin-derived hormone
which modulates sleep patterns in both circadian and
seasonal cycles.
- A circadian rhythm is a
- Seasonal cycle is a characteristic natural, internal process that
of a time series in which the data regulates the sleep-wake cycle
experiences regular and predictable and repeats roughly every 24
changes. hours.
LOCATION OF
PINEAL GLAND?
The pineal gland is located
in the epithalamus, near the
center of the brain, between
the two hemispheres, tucked
in a groove where the two
halves of the thalamus join
FUNCTION OF
PINEAL GLAND?
The primary function of the pineal
gland is to produce melatonin.
Melatonin has various functions in
the central nervous system, the
most important of which is to help
modulate sleep patterns.
•Secretion of the hormone melatonin
•Regulation of endocrine functions
•Causes sleepiness
•Influences sexual development
•Influences immune system function
•Antioxidant activity
HORMONES OF
PINEAL GLAND?

 MELATONIN
 NOREPINEPHRINE
 MELATONIN
The pineal gland produces and secretes
the hormone melatonin, which helps
regulate biological rhythms such as sleep and
wake cycles. The secretion of melatonin is
inhibited by light and triggered by darkness.
 NOREPINEPHRINE
Also called as noradrenaline or noradrenalin,
is an organic chemical in the catecholamine
family that functions in the brain and body as
hormone and neurotransmitter.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF
PINEAL GLAND FAILED?

 Sleep patterns are often disrupted if the pineal gland is impaired. This can
show up in disorders such as jet lag and insomnia. Additionally, because
melatonin interacts with female hormones, complications may affect the
menstrual cycle and fertility
 If the pineal gland produces too much melatonin, a person could experience
low blood pressure, abnormal function of the adrenal and thyroid glands,
or Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). SAD is a depressive disorder that
some individuals experience during the winter months when sunlight is
minimal.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF
PINEAL GLAND FAILED?
The pineal gland is located near many other important structures,
and it interacts heavily with blood and other fluids. If you develop
a pineal gland tumor, it may affect many other things in your body.
Some early symptoms of a tumor include:
- seizures
- disruption in memory
- headaches
- nausea
- damage in vision and other senses