A S E F O R L I F E.

F U N C T IO N S
WATE R - T H E B
T E R R E S O U R C ES O F I N DI A
DESCR I B ED . W A
AND THE REGION NAMA: IWANA PUTRI RINJANI
NIM: 18045072
KELOMPOK : 2
WATER – THE BASE FOR LIFE

Water is the basis of all forms of life and all these originated in
sea water. All organic processes occur in watery medium. Cell,
the basic unit of life, contains as high as 95-98per cent water.
Cellular metabolism is controlled by content of water. No life
can survive long without water. It is as necessary for our life
and health today as it was for our prehistoric ancestors.
FUNCTIONS OF WATER

Solar radiation is the activating force on the earth. The spheres

of the earth - lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and
biosphere - one way or other constantly in the processes and
functions through the abundant but important component of the
earth, the water. The biosphere, besides solar radiation and
hydrosphere, depends on lithosphere and atmosphere for its
functions. The conversions by the phases make vast scope in
utilizing this resource for the welfare of mankind.
BIOSPHERE IN RELATION TO HYDROSPHERE, ATMOSPHERE AND LITHOSPHERE

A. Hydrological cycle
The cycle has neither a beginning nor an end. But
the concept of the hydrological cycle commonly
begins with the water of the oceans. Radiation from
the sun evaporates water from the oceans into the
atmosphere. The water vapour rises and collects to
form clouds. When the air rises, it gets cooled and
precipitation (rain, hail, sleet or snow etc.) Occurs.
B. What is irrigation?
Irrigation is defined as the artificial application
of water to land for growing crops. It is a
profession as well as a science. A crop requires
certain amount of water at certain fixed intervals
throughout its period of growth
A. Need for irrigation
When rainfall is insufficient to meet the water requirement of crops throughout their period of
growth, need for irrigation water is unavoidable. Where rainfall is sufficient but is not uniform,
concentrated as it usually is in monsoon months, there is acute requirement of irrigation in other
periods.
Table1. Rainfall and irrigation requirement
S.No. Rainfall (cm) Irrigation requirement
     
1 100 Rainfall needs to be supplemented by irrigation.
     
2 100-50 Rainfall is helpful to crops but is insufficient. Irrigation is

    essential
     
3 50-25 Only crops tolerant to moisture stress can be grown. Irrigation

    is essentially required
     
4 Less than 25 No crop can be grown without irrigation.
     
B. Advantages of irrigation
I. Direct benefits
The grower has many choices of crops and varieties and can go for multiple cropping for cultivation
Crop plants respond to fertilizer and other inputs and there by productivity is high.
Quality of the crop is improved.
Higher economic return and employment opportunities. It makes economy drought proof.
Development of pisciculture and afforestation. Plantation is raised along the banks of canals and field
boundaries.
Domestic water supply, hydel power generation at dam site and means of transport where navigation is
possible.
 Prevention of damage through flood.
II indirect benefits
Increase in gross domestic product of the country, revenue, employment, land value, higher
wages to farm labour, agro-based industries and groundwater storage.
General development of other sectors and development of the country

Disadvantages of irrigation
Irrigation is associated with the following disadvantages: over-irrigation coupled with poor drainage
and seepage in an area where water table is high, leads to water logging of the area. Crop yield is
drastically reduced as a result.
WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA
• Sumber dari semua air adalah curah hujan. Curah hujan tahunan india,
termasuk hujan salju, diperkirakan mencapai 1200 mm, yang setara
dengan 4000 km 3 atau 400 juta hektar- meter ( mha- m). Sumber daya
air tanah yang dapat diisi ulang sebagian besar berasal dari curah
hujan.
HISTORY OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

• Para penguasa kuno india tertarik dalam penyediaan fasilitas irigasi. Pekerjaan irigasi awal tidak
primitif tetapi memiliki dasar ilmiah. 

• Inggris memulai pengembangan irigasi pada abad ke-19. Mereka membangun bendungan

seperti periyar dan mettur ; yang nizamsagar dan krishnarajasagar dibangun oleh pangeran di
negara-negara asal mereka.

• Selanjutnya, inggris memperkenalkan kebijakan irigasi yang pasti pada tahun 1854 dengan
mendirikan departemen pekerjaan umum dan melembagakan dana terpisah untuk pekerjaan
irigasi.
• Kemudian komisi kelaparan (1880) dan komisi irigasi pertama (1928)
memberikan tekanan besar pada upaya mendorong pekerjaan pribadi (sumur,
tank, dll.) Untuk mengatasi kelaparan berulang.

• Selama 150 tahun terakhir, delapan kelaparan hebat telah terjadi; yang terakhir
adalah di bengal pada akhir 1943. Di negara-negara tropis dan subtropis seperti
india, kelaparan terjadi karena kondisi kekeringan.
Planned irrigation development

• Pada saat mencapai kemandirian, pengembangan irigasi

menerima perangsang besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan
populasi yang terus bertambah. Demikianlah rencana
pengembangan irigasi itu digerakkan di 1950-1951.
Proyek penting dan penting yang dilakukan dan
diselesaikan sejak awal era perencanaan sejak 1950-51
adalah:
 
PERSPEKTIF PENGEMBANGAN IRIGASI

India adalah negara terbesar ketujuh di dunia dengan wilayah geografis 328 juta ha
mendukung populasi lebih dari 1.000 juta. Populasi negara pada tahun 2020 M
diperkirakan 1.500.000, di mana kebutuhan biji-bijian makanan akan berlipat
ganda dari produksi saat ini. Air irigasi adalah input paling penting untuk
peningkatan produksi pertanian. 
 GLOSARIUM

The water : Air The biosphere: Biosfer the oceans: laut

the banks of canals= tepi kanal Rainfall= curah hujan

The water vapour: Uap Air
The spheres of the earth = Bola Bumi
India : india
CLONCLUSION
Main idea
Water is the basis of all forms of life and all these originated in sea water. All organic processes
occur in watery medium. Cell, the basic unit of life, contains as high as 95-98per cent water. The
conversions by the phases make vast scope in utilizing this resource for the welfare of mankind.
Life is influenced by the earth’s unending moisture cycle known as the hydrological cycle.
Precipitation on reaching earth’s surface, is intercepted by vegetation, may infiltrate, flow over or
evaporate.In the hydrological cycle, soil acts as a reservoir; water is always in transitory storage in
the soil.
 Irrigation is defined as the artificial application of water to land for growing crops. It is a
profession as well as a science. When rainfall is insufficient, need for irrigation water is unavoidable.
Sources of all water are precipitation. Replenishable ground water resource is mostly derived
from precipitation. The ancient rulers of india took keen interest in the provision of irrigation
facilities. Public tube wells were also included in the category of minor irrigation works when the
department of agriculture was constituted in 1845.In tropical and subtropical countries like india,
famines occurred due to drought conditions. The significant and important projects undertaken and
completed since the start of the planning era since 1950-51the requirement of food grains will be
double the present production. Irrigation water is the most important input for increased agricultural
production.