5.

7 PROPERTIES OF IONIC AND

COVALENT BOND
Ionic compounds Covalent compounds
1 Have high melting Have low melting and boiling
and boiling points points
2 - Exist as solid at- Usually exist as liquid or
room temperature gases at room
- Non-volatile temperature
- volatile
 Ionic compounds Covalent compounds
3 Conduct electricity Do not conduct electricity
in molten state or in solid and liquid states
aqueous solution but
not in solid state

4 Usually soluble in Usually insoluble in water

water but insoluble but soluble in organic
in organic solvent solvent
a. Electrical conductivity
- molten ionic compound have ions that free to
move but in solid state, ions are in fixed position.
- covalent compound consist of neutral molecules
and not conduct electric in all state
b. Melting and boiling points
- ionic compound composed of oppositely-charged ions
and arranged in a three-dimensional giant crystal lattice.
- Strong electrostatic forces of attraction (ionic bond)
between oppositely-charged ions.
- Lot of energy to overcome the electrostatic forces.
- molecules in covalent
compound held together
by weak intermolecular
forces. Less heat energy
to overcome these forces.
c. Solubility
- most ionic compound are soluble in water but
insoluble in organic solvent.
- most covalent compound are insoluble in
water but soluble in organic solvent.
 Types of covalent molecules
1. Two types of covalent molecules
a. simple molecules
- water, carbon dioxide, ammonia
b. macromolecules / giant molecules
- silicon dioxide, diamond
2. Macromolecule are bonded to each other by covalent
bond in giant lattice structure structure
3. Macromolecule
a. high melting and boiling point
b. cannot conduct electricity
c. insoluble in water
 Back

Diamond Silicon dioxide

 Uses of covalent compounds as solvent

Solvents Uses
Turpentine Dissolve paint
Petrol Remove grease or oil
Alkohol To prepare varnish, shellac
Propanone Remove nail varnish
Ethers Extraction of chemical from
aqueous solution
chloroflorocarbon Clean computer circuit board
EXERCISES…….NOTE BOOK

Draw the formation of

a. BeO
b. PCl₃
c. CH₂O
d. CHCl₃
Test Yourself 5.7
page 130
no 2, 3 and 4 only