Funcionamiento de una hidroeléctrica

Física Electricidad y magnetismo

profesor: Jeison Arango

Mateo Alejandro Rojas Assis

Universidad cooperativa de Colombia

Grupo : 1105

2020
 What is a hydroelectric plant?

A hydroelectric power station is one in which the potential energy

of the water stored in a reservoir is transformed into the kinetic energy
necessary to move the rotor of a generator, and later transform it into electrical energy.
What is a hydroelectric plant for?
- Its main function is to store water at times of least demand
and use it to generate energy at times of greatest consumption.
 Parts of a hydroelectric plant

1. Lower reservoir
3 8
2. Reinforced piping. 5
3. Upper reservoir.
4. Dam.
5. Driving gallery. 10
6. Turbines.
7. Generator. 2 9
8. Balance fireplace. 6
9. Transformers. 1
10. Electric network. 7
11
 1 Lower reservoir or river
-Continuation of the river in the lower part of the hydroelectric plant next
to the drain.
 2 Reinforced pipe

It is the pipe that carries the pressurized water from the cannel
or the reservoir to the turbine inlet .
 3. Upper reservoir

It is a large artificial tank in charge of letting its H2O fluid flow

when the floodgates are opened.
 4. Dam

Thick wall built through a river, stream or channel to dam

water or redirect it out of its channel.
 5. Driving gallery

Tube through which the liquid (H2O) enters,

poured into the upper reservoir, where it conducts water to the turbines.
 6. Turbine

It is responsible for transforming the

kinetic energy of a stream of
water into mechanical energy.

Turbine components:
Stator.
Rotor.
Generator.
Generating shaft.
Doors.
Blades or elices of the turbines.
 7. Generator
-

A generator is a rotating electrical
machine that transforms mechanical Inductor: normally in a hydroelectric it is the
energy into electrical energy. It achieves rotor which transmits the energy.
this thanks to the interaction of its main
components: the rotor is the rotating part
and the stator is the static part.


- When an electric generator is running, Induced: normally in a hydroelectric it is the
one of the two parts generates a stator which is the one indicated to receive
magnetic flux that acts as an "inductor"
so that the other part transforms it into
the energy coming from the rotor.
electricity and acts as an "armature".
 8. Balancing fireplace

complementary structure in some hydroelectric

power plants and pumping stations designed to absorb
the overpressures and underpressures caused by water hammer in galleries or tunnels.
9. Transformers
An electric generator is a rotating
machine capable of producing
electrical energy by transforming
mechanical energy.
Electric generators can be divided into two
groups:

Alternators: which generate electricity in
alternating current. The inductor element is
the rotor and the armature the stator.
Example: a generator set.
 Dynamos: which generate electricity in direct
current. The inductor element is the stator
and the armature the rotor. Example: the
dynamo of a bicycle.
 10. Electrical network
Once electricity is generated, it
must be transmitted and
distributed to consumers. The
network of transmission and
distribution facilities forms the
electrical network.
Distribución:
Typically, electricity is transmitted at a very high voltaje
over the power lines that dot the field.
The higher the voltage, the lower the current required
for the same amount of energy and therefore less loss of electricity.
(Resistance to current in the lines creates heat that causes some of the loss.)
When electricity reaches customers' neighborhoods,
transformers convert high-voltage electricity to a lower voltage for
distribution to homes and businesses.
 calculations of what is done in a hydroelectric

Waterfall hydraulic power

speed and flow
Video de forma breve para entender

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIlBmQzVGVs