BY: simranpreet kaur

FLUID ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE

TYPES

 Fluid volume Deficit

 Fluid volume Excess
DEFINITION

 Fluid volume Deficit:

Fluid volume deficit occurs with abnormal
loss of body fluids, inadequate intake or a
plasma to interstitial fluid shift.
ETIOLOGY

 Increased insensible water loss or perspiration.

(high fever, heat stroke).
 Diabetes insipidus
 Osmotic diuresis
 Hemorrhage
 GI losses: Vomiting, NG suction, Diarrhea,
Fistula drainage.
 Inadequate fluid intake
 Burns, intestinal Obstruction
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

 Restlessness
 Drowsiness
 Confusion
 Lethargy
 Thirsty and Dry mouth
 Decreased skin turgor
 Decreased capillary refill
 Postural hypotension
 Tachypnoea
 Decreased CVP
CONTD…

 Decreased urine output

 Tachycardia
 Dizziness
 Weakness
 Weight loss
 Seizure
 Coma
MANAGEMENT

 Treatment of underlying cause

 Administer IV fluids RL,NS and colloids.
 Blood transfusion to increase plasma volume
FLUID VOLUME EXCESS

 DEFINITION:
Fluid volume excess may result from excess
intake of fluids, abnormal retention of fluids
or interstitial to plasma fluid shift.
 ETIOLOGY

 Excess use of isotonic, hypotonic, IVF.

 Heart failure
 Renal failure
 Long term use of corticosteroids.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

 Headache
 Lethargy
 Confusion
 Edema
 Dyspnea
 Hypertension
 Increased CVP
 Polyuria
CONTD…

 Weight gain
 Pulmonary edema
 Seizure
 Coma
 Distended neck veins
MANAGEMENT

 Treatment of the underlying cause

 Restricted of sodium intake
 Diuretics to remove excess fluid
 Throcentesis if fluid excess results in pleural
effusion.
 Abdominal paracentesis to remove fluid in
ascites.
NURSING MANAGEMENT

 Maintain 24hrs intake and out put chart

 Maintain IV fluid and NG tube feeding.
 Skin should be examined for turgor
 Maintain patent airway if patient has
pulmonary congestion.
 Check daily weight of the patient
 Good skin care to prevent pressure sore.