Aim: How does the reproductive system

ensure the survival of the Human Species?

• Specialized system
for males
• Specialized system
for females
• Specialized cells
– Sperm
– Egg
 Male
Section 39-3
Reproductive System

Urinary bladder

Pubic bone

Vas deferens

Urethra

Penis
Seminal
Large intestine vesicle

Rectum Prostate gland

Bulbourethral gland Scrotum
Epididymis
Testis
 Female
Section 39-3 Reproductive System

Fallopian tube

Fallopian tube
Ovary

Urinary bladder Ovary

Uterus
Pubic bone

Urethra Cervix

Vagina Rectum Vagina

Group Work: What do you notice about the Menstrual
Section 39-3
Cycle
Fertilization (also called conception)
in humans happens when the sperm
cell reaches the egg cell and inserts its
DNA into the egg cell.
Early stage of embryonic development

• Cleavage is the term

used for the rapid
division of cells that
happens in the first
24-48 hours after
fertilization. There is
little/no growth in the
size of the zygote.
Gastrulation is the arrangement of cells into
3 distinct germ layers.
Ectoderm
Epidermis of skin
Digestive system
Nervous system
Mesoderm
Muscle
Skeletal system
Endoderm
Organs
Reproductive system
Human Embryonic Development
Comparison of external and internal development
 Fetal Development:
Ultrasound Pictures

1 Month 2 Months 3 Months

4 Months 5 Months 6 Months

 Fetal Development:
Ultrasound Pictures (Continued)

7 Months 8 Months

At Birth
Critical Periods of Human Development
Embryonic Stem Cells

• The cell lines

preserve their
undifferentiated state
and normal nuclei
during subculture,
however, they remain
capable of
differentiation into
virtually any type of
tissue.
In Vitro Fertilization is commonly referred to as IVF. IVF
is the process of fertilization by manually combining an
egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. When the IVF
procedure is successful, the process is combined with a
procedure known as embryo transfer, which is used to
physically place the embryo in the uterus.
Adult Stem Cells

• Current research is aimed

at determining the
mechanisms that underlie
adult stem cell plasticity. If
such mechanisms can be
identified and controlled,
existing stem cells from a
healthy tissue might be
induced to repopulate and
repair a diseased tissue
Tissue Engineering-Other organs are being
grown as we speak
Dolly the sheep was cloned