Java Programming: From Problem

Analysis to Program Design, 3e

Chapter 6
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
and Object-Oriented Design (OOD)
 Chapter Objectives
• Learn about basic GUI components
• Explore how the GUI components
JFrame, JLabel, JTextField, and
JButton work
• Become familiar with the concept of event-
driven programming

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 Chapter Objectives
• Discover events and event handlers
• Explore object-oriented design
• Learn how to identify objects, classes, and
members of a class

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 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Components
• View inputs and outputs simultaneously
• One graphical window
• Input values in any order
• Change input values in window
• Click on buttons to get output

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 Java GUI Components

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 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Components (continued)
• GUI components placed in content pane
• GUI components
– Windows
– Labels
– Text areas
– Buttons

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 GUI Components
• Added to content pane of window
• Not added to window itself
• Pixel: picture element

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 Windows
• Can be created using a JFrame object
• The class JFrame provides various
methods to control attributes of a window
• Measured in pixels of height and width
• Attributes associated with windows
– Title
– Width
– Height
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 class JFrame
• GUI window instance created as instance of
JFrame
• Provides various methods to control
window attributes

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Methods Provided by the class
JFrame

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Methods Provided by the class
Jframe (continued)

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 Two Ways to Create a Window
• First way
– Declare object of type JFrame
– Instantiate object
– Use various methods to manipulate window
• Second way
– Create class containing application program by
extending definition of class JFrame
– Utilizes mechanism of inheritance

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 Content Pane
• Inner area of GUI window (below title bar,
inside border)
• To access content pane
– Declare reference variable of type Container
– Use method getContentPane of class
JFrame

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 Methods Provided by the class
Container

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 class JLabel
• Labels: objects of particular class type
• class JLabel: used to create labels
• Label attributes
– Title
– Width
– Height
• To create a label
– Instantiate object of type JLabel
– Modify attributes to control display of labels

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 class Jlabel (continued)

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 class JTextField
• Text fields: objects belonging to class
JTextField
• To create text field
– Declare reference variable of type
JTextField
– Instantiate object

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 class JTextField
(continued)

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class JTextField (continued)

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 class JButton
• Provided to create buttons in Java
• To create button
– Same technique as creating JLabel and
JTextField

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 class Jbutton (continued)

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 Handling an Event
• Action event: event created when
JButton is clicked
• Event listener: object that receives message
when JButton is clicked
• In Java, you must register the listener

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 Handling an Event (continued)
• class ActionListener
– Handles action event
– Part of package java.awt.Event
– The class ActionListener is a special
type of class (interface)
– Must contain actionPerformed method

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Rectangle Program: Sample Run

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 Programming Example:
Temperature Conversion
• Input: temperature in Fahrenheit or Celsius
• Output: temperature in Celsius if input is
Fahrenheit; temperature in Fahrenheit if
input is Celsius

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Programming Example: Temperature
Conversion (continued)
• Solution
– Create the appropriate JLabels,
JTextFields, JButtons
– Add them to the created content pane
– Calculate the appropriate conversions when the
buttons are clicked and an event is triggered

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Sample Run for TempConversion

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 Object-Oriented Design
• Simplified methodology
1. Write down detailed description of problem
2. Identify all (relevant) nouns and verbs
3. From list of nouns, select objects
4. Identify data components of each object
5. From list of verbs, select operations

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 Object-Oriented Design
Example 1
• Problem Statement
– Write a program to input the length and width
of a rectangle, and calculate and print the
perimeter and area of the rectangle
• Nouns
– Length, width, rectangle, perimeter, area

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 class Rectangle with Data
Members and Operations

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 Object-Oriented Design
Example 2
• An inoperable candy machine has a cash
register and four dispensers to hold and
release items sold by the machine
• The machine sells: candies, chips, gum, and
cookies
• Write a program for this candy machine so
that it can be put into operation

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 Object-Oriented Design
Example 2 (continued)
• The program should do the following:
– Show the customer the different products sold by the
candy machine
– Let the customer make the selection
– Show the customer the cost of the item selected
– Accept money from the customer
– Return change
– Release the item; that is, make the sale
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 Object-Oriented Design
Example 2 (continued)

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 Object-Oriented Design
Example 2 (continued)

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 Implementing Classes and
Operations
• Algorithms are used to implement operations
• Construct and implement your own methods
• classes Integer, Double, Character, Long,
Float
– Known as wrapper classes
– Provided so that values of primitive data types can be treated as
objects
– Have limitations (cannot change value stored in objects)

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 The class Integer

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The class Integer (continued)

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 The class Integer
(continued)

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 The class Integer
(continued)
Integer num;
num = new Integer(86)

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 The class Integer
(continued)
int x;
Integer num;
num = 25;
For the most part, this statement is similar to the statement:
num = new Integer(25);
The expression:
num = 25;
is referred to as autoboxing of the int type
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 The class Integer
(continued)
int x;
Integer num;
The statement:
x = num;
This statement is equivalent to the statement:
x = num.intValue();
This statement is referred to as auto unboxing of the int type

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 The class Integer
(continued)

• To compare the values of two Integer

objects, you can use the method compareTo

• If you want to compare the values of two

Integer objects only for equality, then you
can use the method equals

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The class Integer (continued)

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The class Integer (continued)

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 Chapter Summary
• Every GUI contains a window
• Various components are added to content pane of
window
• class JFrame is used to create windows
• JLabel is used to label GUI components and display
information to user
• JTextFiled is used for input/output
• JButton generates action event
• Action event is sent to action listener

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 Chapter Summary (continued)
• Action listener must have method called
actionPerformed
• class: collection of data members and methods
associated with those members
• Object-Oriented Design (OOD)
– Starts with a problem statement
– Identifies classes required with nouns in problem statement
– Identifies methods required with verbs in problem
specification

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