(DUSTS)

• Lung fibrosis
• Reduction of working capacity
• Factors involved
a. Chemical composition
b. Dust size 0.5 – 3.0 microns
c. Dust concentration in Air
d. Period of exposure
e. Health status of person exposed
• No cure
• Prevention is essential
 CLASSIFICATION
• Inorganic dusts:
a. Coal dust Anthracosis
b. Silica Silicosis
c. Asbestos Asbestosis , cancer lung
d. Iron Siderosis
• Organic (Vegetable ) dusts :
a. Cane fibre Bagassosis
b. Cotton dust Byssinosis
c. Tobacco Tobaccosis
d. Hay or Grain dust Farmer’s lung
 SILICOSIS
• Major cause of Pneumoconiosis
• Permanent disability & mortality
• Inhalation of dust containing free silica or sio2
• First reported is Kolar Gold mines in 1947
• Occupation involved : Mining industry ( Coal, Mica,
Gold , lead)
Pottery & Ceramic industry
Sand Blasting
Metal grinding
Building & construction work
Rock mining
Iron & steel industry
• Prevalence in Mica Mines of Bihar - 34.1%
• In ceramic industry - 15.7%
• * a few months up to 6 years of exposure
• * Dust size - 0.5 to 3.0 microns
• Pathology : dense modular fibrosis 3-4 mm
diameter upper part of lungs
• Clinical : Insidious onset
Irritant cough
Dyspnoea on exertion
Chest pain
Impairment of total lung capacity
• X ray chest: Snow storm appearance
• Silico tuberculosis
 PREVENTION
• 1. Rigorous dust control measures
E.g. Substitution, complete enclosure,
isolation Hydro blasting , good house
keeping ,Personal protective measures
• 2. Regular physical examination of workers
• A notifiable disease under factories Act 1948
and Mines Act 1952.
 ANTHRACOSIS
• Coal miners pnemoconisis
• Two phases 1. Simple Pneumoconiosis
- Lung ventilatory impairment
- 12 years of work exposure
2. Progressive Massive Fibrosis:
- Severe Respiratory Disability
- Develop out of SP without further
exposure
• A notifiable disease under mines act 1952
compensable disease under workmen
compensation act 1959.
 BYSSINOSIS
• Inhalation of cotton fibre dust over long periods
• Chronic cough
• Progressive dyspnoea
• Chronic bronchitis
• Emphysema
• Prevalence 1. 7-8 % in Textiles of Bombay ,
Ahmedabad & Delhi
• 2. Farmers
 BAGASSOSIS
• Inhalation of BAGASSE or Sugar Cane dust
• Bagasse utilized in the manufacture - paper card board and rayon
• First reported by Ganguli & Pal in 1955 in a cardboard
manufacturing factory near Calcutta.
• Due to Thermoactinomyces sacchari
• Breathlessness
• Cough
• Haemoptysis
• Slight fever
• Acute diffuse Bronchiolitis
• X-ray chest : Mottling in lung fields
• Impairment of lung function
• If treated – resolution
• If untreated
• -Diffuse fibrosis
• -Emphysema
• -Bronchiectasis
 PREVENTION

• 1. Dust control - Wet process

- Enclosed Apparatus
- Exhaust Ventilation
• 2. Personal Protection - Masks
- Respirators
• 3. Medical control - Initial Medical Exam.
- Periodical Medical Check Ups
• 4. Bagasse control - 1 Moisture content above
20%
2 Spraying with 2% propionic
acid (fungicide)
 ASBESTOSIS
• Fibrous materials
• Silicates of Mg, Fe,Ca,Na & Al
• Types – 1. Serpentine or chrysolite variety
90% of world production
(Hydrated Magnesium Silicate)
• 2. Amphibole – little Magesium
a. Crocidolite (Blue)
b. Amosite (Brown)
c. Anthrophyllite ( White)
• Fibres - 20-500 microns in length
0.5- 50 microns in dianmeter
• Used in manufacture of
1. Asbestos cement
2. Fire – Proof Textiles
3. Roof Tiling
4. Brake lining
5. Gaskets & others
• Mined in AP , Cudappah, Bihar,
Karnataka, Rajasthan.
• Mostly imported from – Russia , Canada,
USA, South Africa.
• Inhalation
Pulmonary fibrosis
Respiratory insufficiency
Carcinoma of Bronchus
Mesothelioma of Pleura / Peritoneum
Cancer GI tract
• 1.U.K an association between Mesothelioma and living
within in a half mile
• 2.Higher risk for bronchial cancer if exposure is
combined with Cigarette smoking
• 3.Mesothelioma has a strong association with crocidolite
variety.
• 5 – 10 years of exposure
• Fibrosis – die to mechanical irritation, peri – bronchial
diffuse and basal
 Asbestosis Silicosis
• Diffuse Fibrosis Nodular Fibrosis
• Basal Part of lungs Upper Part of lungs
• X- ray chest- Ground Snow Strom Appearance
Glass Appearance

CLINICAL:
Dyspnoea out of proportion to clinical signs
Clubbing of fingers
Cardiac distress
Cyanosis
Once established , disease is progressive
Sputum shows “ Asbestos Bodies “ Asbestos Fibres
Coated with fibrin.
 PREVENTION
• 1. Use of Safer Types of Asbestos ( Chrysolite
or amosite)
• 2. Substitution of other insulate glass fibre
mineral wool , calcium silicate, plastic foams
• 3. Rigorous dust control
• 4. Periodic examination of workers
• 5. Biological monitoring – clinical, X –ray, lung
function tests.
• 6. Continuing research.
 FARMERS LUNG
• Widespread –
• Inhalation of mould hay or grain dust
• Moisture over 30%
• Micropolyspora faeni
• Acute Illness – General & Respiratory
symptoms and Physical signs
• Repeated Attacks – Pulmonary fibrosis
pulmonary damage Corpulmonale