THE STRUCTURES

OF GLOBALIZATION

Lesson I
 GLOBALIZATION
● The expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and across world-space
– Manfred Steger
● Expansion – refers to both the creation of new social
networks and the multiplication of existing connections
that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural,
and geographic boundaries
 GLOBALIZATION
● Intensification – refers to the expansion, stretching, and
acceleration of these networks
● Time and space – “globalization processes do not occur
merely at an objective, material level but they also
involve the subjective plane human consciousness” -
Manfred Steger
 GLOBALISM
widespread belief among powerful people that the global
integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone,
since it spreads freedom and democracy across the world

“Globalization” as a process refers to a larger phenomenon

that cannot simply be reduced to the ways in which global
markets have been integrated
 MULTIPLE GLOBALIZATION
● For anthropologist Arjun Appadurai, different kinds of
globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of
integration that he calls “scapes”
● Ethnoscape – refers to the global movement of people
● Mediascape – refers to the flow of culture
● Technoscape – refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and
software
● Financescape – refers to the global circulation of money
● Ideoscape – refers to the realm where political ideas move around